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http://www.brainarchitecture.org/mouse-home
An atlas project whose goal is to enerate brainwide maps of inter-regional neural connectivity that specify the inputs and outputs of every brain region, at a "mesoscopic" level of analysis. A 3D injection viewer is used to view the mouse brain. To determine the outputs of a brain region, anterograde tracers are used which are taken up by neurons locally ("the input"), then transported actively down the axons to the "output regions." The whole brain is then sliced thinly, and each slice is digitally imaged. These 2-D images are reconstructed in 3D. The majority of the resulting 3-D brain image is unlabeled. Only the injected region and its output regions have tracer in them, allowing for identification of this small fraction of the connectivity map. This procedure is repeated identically, to account for individual variability. To determine the inputs to the same brain region as above, a retrograde tracer is injected in the same stereotaxic location ("the input"), and the process is repeated. In order to accumulate data from different mice (each of whom has a slightly different brain shape and size), 3-D spatial normalization is performed using registration algorithms. These gigapixel images of whole-brain sections can be zoomed to show individual neurons and their processes, providing a "virtual microscope." Each sampled brain is represented in about 500 images, each image showing an optical section through a 20 micron-thick slice of brain tissue. A multi-resolution viewer permits users to journey through each brain, following the pathways taken through three-dimensional brain space by tracer-labeled neuronal pathways. A key point is that at the mid-range "mesoscopic" scale, the team expects to assemble a picture of connections that are stereotypical and probably genetically determined in a species-specific manner. By dividing the volume of a hemisphere of the mouse brain into 250 equidistant, predefined grid-points, and administering four different kinds of tracer injections at each grid point -- in different animals of the same sex and age a complete wiring diagram that will be stitched together in "shotgun" fashion from the full dataset.
Proper citation: Mouse Brain Architecture Project (RRID:SCR_004683) Copy
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Orthopaedic_Surgery
Orthopaedic Surgery is a collaborative wikibook of orthopedic surgery. *Preface *Chapter 1: Basic Sciences *Chapter 2: Upper Limb *Chapter 3: Foot and Ankle *Chapter 4: Spine *Chapter 5: Hand and Microsurgery *Chapter 6: Pediatric Orthopedics *Chapter 7: Adult Reconstruction *Chapter 8: Sports Medicine *Chapter 9: Musculoskeletal Tumors *Chapter 10: Injury *Chapter 11: Surgical Procedures *Chapter 12: Rehabilitation *Chapter 13: Practice
Proper citation: Orthopaedic Surgery (RRID:SCR_004715) Copy
RIKEN Brain Science Institute (BSI) has a mission to produce innovative research and technology leading to scientific discoveries of the brain. In addition, BSI aims to develop domestic and international brain researchers by creating an environment that will integrate various intellectual disciplines and from that convergence find solutions that will ultimately benefit society in the realms of medicine, engineering, business, and education. In striving toward this goal, BSI has become a leading international center for brain research with a reputation for discovery, innovation, training, and globalization of the scientific enterprise. Brain science is valuable not only for the advancement of science but also because it can greatly impact our society and economy. To meet these expectations, the Brain Science Institute (BSI) was established in 1997 as part of RIKEN, an independent research institution supported by the Japanese government.
Proper citation: RIKEN Brain Science Institute (RRID:SCR_004796) Copy
http://service.iris.edu/fdsnws/event/1/
International Federation of Digital Seismograph Networks (FDSN) Web service that returns event (earthquake) information from the catalogs submitted to the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) Data Management Center (DMC). Events may be selected based on location, time, catalog, contributor and internal identifiers. By default, events are retrieved from the NEIC PDE catalog for recent events and then the ISC catalog when it becomes available. These default results include only that catalog''s primary origin and primary magnitude for each event, they may optionally include all available origin and magnitude estimates. By default results are returned as XML in QuakeML format but may also be requested in text formats. This service is an implementation of the FDSN web service specification version 1.
Proper citation: IRIS DMC FDSNWS event Web Service (RRID:SCR_004831) Copy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cblast/cblast.cgi?
The NCBI Related Structures tool allows you to find 3D structures from the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB) that are similar in sequence to a query protein. Although the query protein may not yet have a resolved structure, the 3D shape of a similar protein sequence can shed light on the putative shape and biological function of the query protein. CBLAST is a tool that compares a query protein sequence against all protein sequences from resolved 3D structures by using protein BLAST against the PDB data set. The purpose is to find representative 3D structures for the query and/or its homologs, as available. Each record in the Entrez Protein database has been CBLAST''ed and the search results are available as Related Structures in the Links menu of Entrez Protein records. You can also enter a protein query sequence directly into the CBLAST search page in order to find its sequence-similar 3D structure records. The search results can be viewed in Cn3D (hence the name CBLAST), which displays an alignment of the query protein to the related structure''s sequence and allows you to interactively examine the sequence-structure relationship.
Proper citation: CBLAST (RRID:SCR_004711) Copy
The Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN) project aims to develop high quality, standard graphical languages for representing biological processes and interactions. Each SBGN language is based on the consensus of the broad international SBGN community of biologists, curators and software developers. Over the course of its development many individuals, organizations and companies made invaluable contributions to the SBGN through participating in discussions and meetings, providing feedback on the documentation and worked examples, adopting the standard and spreading the word. Circuit diagrams and Unified Modeling Language diagrams are just two examples of standard visual languages that help accelerate work by promoting regularity, removing ambiguity and enabling software tool support for communication of complex information. Ironically, despite having one of the highest ratios of graphical to textual information, biology still lacks standard graphical notations. The recent deluge of biological knowledge makes addressing this deficit a pressing concern. Toward this goal, we present the Systems Biology Graphical Notation (SBGN), a visual language developed by a community of biochemists, modelers and computer scientists. SBGN consists of three complementary languages: process diagram, entity relationship diagram and activity flow diagram. Together they enable scientists to represent networks of biochemical interactions in a standard, unambiguous way. We believe that SBGN will foster efficient and accurate representation, visualization, storage, exchange and reuse of information on all kinds of biological knowledge, from gene regulation, to metabolism, to cellular signaling. A list of software packages known to provide (or have started to develop) support for SBGN notations is available.
Proper citation: Systems Biology Graphical Notation (RRID:SCR_004671) Copy
https://www.bannerhealth.com/research/locations/sun-health-institute/programs/body-donation
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on January 11, 2023. An autopsy-based, research-devoted brain bank, biobank and biospecimen bank that derives its human donors from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease (AZSAND), a longitudinal clinicopathological study of the health and diseases of elderly volunteers living in Maricopa county and metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona. Their function is studied during life and their organs and tissue after death. To date, they have concentrated their studies on Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, heart disease and cancer. They share the banked tissue, biomaterials and biospecimens with qualified researchers worldwide. Registrants with suitable scientific credentials will be allowed access to a database of available tissue linked to relevant clinical information, and will allow tissue requests to be initiated., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.
Proper citation: Brain and Body Donation Program (RRID:SCR_004822) Copy
Life Extension is a global authority on nutrition, health and wellness as well as a provider of scientific information on anti-aging supplements and therapies. We supply only the highest quality nutritional supplements, including minerals, vitamins, herbs and hormones. Life Extension publishes the very latest information on anti-aging and wellness in its monthly publication, Life Extension Magazine, the Disease Prevention and Treatment book of integrative health protocols, the Life Extension Update e-mail newsletter and the Daily Health Bulletin, and at this website. All to support more informed health choices. In addition to a wealth of information, Life Extension offers 300+ premium-quality vitamins, minerals, hormones, diet and nutritional supplements, and even skin care products, which are often the fruits of research reported on or funded by the Life Extension Foundation.
Proper citation: Life Extension (RRID:SCR_004823) Copy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pcsubstance?db=pcsubstance
As one of three primary databases of PubChem (Pcsubstance, Pccompound, and PCBioAssay), PubChem Substance Database contains descriptions of chemical samples, from a variety of sources, and links to PubMed citations, protein 3D structures, and biological screening results that are available in PubChem BioAssay. If the contents of a chemical sample are known, the description includes links to PubChem Compound. A PubChem FTP is available and new data is accepted into the repository. Pcsubstance contains more than 81 million records (2011).
Proper citation: PubChem Substance (RRID:SCR_004742) Copy
http://www.chdifoundation.org/
A private, not-for-profit research organization that serves as an international collaborative enabler in order to discover drugs that slow the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). The activities of CHDI extend from exploratory biology to the identification and validation of therapeutic targets, and from drug discovery and development to clinical studies and trials. CHDI works with biotech and pharmaceutical companies and funds and works with academic HD researchers at universities.
Proper citation: CHDI Foundation (RRID:SCR_004622) Copy
National Brain Tumor Society (NBTS) is a nonprofit organization committed to finding a cure for brain tumors. We aggressively drive strategic research, advocate for public policies that meet the critical needs of the brain tumor community, and provide patient information. Headquartered in Watertown, Massachusetts, with offices in San Francisco, California and Wilmington, Delaware, we host activities throughout the United States. Formed in 2008 by the merger of two leading organizations that had served the brain tumor community, the National Brain Tumor Foundation and the Brain Tumor Society, the National Brain Tumor Society is now the largest brain tumor nonprofit organization in the country. Both legacy organizations had been formed in the 1980s by parents and other people who were committed to increasing both research funding and access to resources specific to brain tumors. In 2010, the Kelly Heinz-Grundner Foundation, a Delaware-based organization, joined NBTS as a wholly-owned subsidiary. Founded in 2005, after the death of Kelly Heinz-Grundner to a brain tumor, the group has contributed to NBTS''s efforts to pursue research and public policies that benefit the brain tumor community. NBTS grant programs are effective for academic researchers, inclusive of industry expertise, and promising for the patient community. All funding is open to both the domestic and international research communities. The Innovation Research Grant Program supports catalytic transformative projects that will significantly move the field forward. These may include out-of-the-box projects or research that is critical to move therapies down the pipeline. Research that represents an incremental advance is not considered innovative. NBTS will accept Innovation Letters of Intent throughout the year. Researchers in academic or industry labs and at all stages of their career may be funded through this program.
Proper citation: National Brain Tumor Society (RRID:SCR_004744) Copy
http://spot.colorado.edu/~dubin/talks/brodmann/brodmann.html
Reference atlas of Brodmann Areas in the Human Brain with an Emphasis on Vision and Language. Other Pages include: Flat Brodmann Maps, Brodmann Area Names (with locational Descriptions), Flat Visual Area Maps, Language Areas, PopUp Gyri Maps
Proper citation: Brodmann Areas in the Human Brain with an Emphasis on Vision and Language (RRID:SCR_004857) Copy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/biosystems/
Database that provides access to biological systems and their component genes, proteins, and small molecules, as well as literature describing those biosystems and other related data throughout Entrez. A biosystem, or biological system, is a group of molecules that interact directly or indirectly, where the grouping is relevant to the characterization of living matter. BioSystem records list and categorize components, such as the genes, proteins, and small molecules involved in a biological system. The companion FLink tool, in turn, allows you to input a list of proteins, genes, or small molecules and retrieve a ranked list of biosystems. A number of databases provide diagrams showing the components and products of biological pathways along with corresponding annotations and links to literature. This database was developed as a complementary project to (1) serve as a centralized repository of data; (2) connect the biosystem records with associated literature, molecular, and chemical data throughout the Entrez system; and (3) facilitate computation on biosystems data. The NCBI BioSystems Database currently contains records from several source databases: KEGG, BioCyc (including its Tier 1 EcoCyc and MetaCyc databases, and its Tier 2 databases), Reactome, the National Cancer Institute's Pathway Interaction Database, WikiPathways, and Gene Ontology (GO). It includes several types of records such as pathways, structural complexes, and functional sets, and is desiged to accomodate other record types, such as diseases, as data become available. Through these collaborations, the BioSystems database facilitates access to, and provides the ability to compute on, a wide range of biosystems data. If you are interested in depositing data into the BioSystems database, please contact them.
Proper citation: NCBI BioSystems Database (RRID:SCR_004690) Copy
A web-based browser for Gene Ontology terms and annotations, which is provided by the UniProtKB-GOA group at the EBI. It is able to offer a range of facilities including bulk downloads of GO annotation data which can be extensively filtered by a range of different parameters and GO slim set generation. The software for QuickGO is freely available under the Apache 2 license. QuickGO can supply GO term information and GO annotation data via REST web services.
Proper citation: QuickGO (RRID:SCR_004608) Copy
An interactive, visual database containing more than 350 small molecule pathways found in humans. More than 2/3 of these pathways (>280) are not found in any other pathway database. SMPDB is designed specifically to support pathway elucidation and pathway discovery in metabolomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and systems biology. It is able to do so, in part, by providing exquisitely detailed, fully searchable, hyperlinked diagrams of human metabolic pathways, metabolic disease pathways, metabolite signaling pathways and drug-action pathways. All SMPDB pathways include information on the relevant organs, subcellular compartments, protein cofactors, protein locations, metabolite locations, chemical structures and protein quaternary structures. Each small molecule is hyperlinked to detailed descriptions contained in the HMDB or DrugBank and each protein or enzyme complex is hyperlinked to UniProt. All SMPDB pathways are accompanied with detailed descriptions and references, providing an overview of the pathway, condition or processes depicted in each diagram. The database is easily browsed and supports full text, sequence and chemical structure searching. Users may query SMPDB with lists of metabolite names, drug names, genes / protein names, SwissProt IDs, GenBank IDs, Affymetrix IDs or Agilent microarray IDs. These queries will produce lists of matching pathways and highlight the matching molecules on each of the pathway diagrams. Gene, metabolite and protein concentration data can also be visualized through SMPDB''s mapping interface. All of SMPDB''s images, image maps, descriptions and tables are downloadable.
Proper citation: Small Molecule Pathway Database (RRID:SCR_004844) Copy
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/
Public bibliographic database that provides access to citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. PubMed citations and abstracts include fields of biomedicine and health, covering portions of life sciences, behavioral sciences, chemical sciences, and bioengineering. Provides access to additional relevant web sites and links to other NCBI molecular biology resources. Publishers of journals can submit their citations to NCBI and then provide access to full-text of articles at journal web sites using LinkOut.
Proper citation: PubMed (RRID:SCR_004846) Copy
http://optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/
The only national patient waiting list and an online database system, called UNet, that links all of the professionals involved in the donation and transplantation system for the collection, storage, analysis, and publication of all OPTN data pertaining to the patient waiting list, organ matching, and transplants. The system contains data regarding every organ donation and transplant event occurring in the U.S. since October 1, 1987. UNet is a fail-safe, 24/7, secure Internet-based transplant information database created to enable the nation''''s organ transplant institutions to: * register patients for transplants * match donated organs to waiting patients * manage the time-sensitive, life-critical data of all patients, before and after their transplants Data reports are available by type: National Data, Regional Data, State Data, Center Data, Build Advanced Report, and Annual Report Data. UNet is being used right now by all of the nation''''s organ transplant programs, organ procurement organizations, and histocompatibility (tissue typing) laboratories working cooperatively to efficiently share a limited number of donated organs among thousands of patients.
Proper citation: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (RRID:SCR_004883) Copy
Common repository for diverse human microbiome datsets and minimum reporting standards for Common Fund Human Microbiome Project.
Proper citation: HMP Data Analysis and Coordination Center (RRID:SCR_004919) Copy
http://www.picsl.upenn.edu/ANTS/
Software package designed to enable researchers with advanced tools for brain and image mapping. Many of the ANTS registration tools are diffeomorphic*, but deformation (elastic and BSpline) transformations are available. Unique components of ANTS include multivariate similarity metrics, landmark guidance, the ability to use label images to guide the mapping and both greedy and space-time optimal implementations of diffeomorphisms. The symmetric normalization (SyN) strategy is a part of the ANTS toolkit as is directly manipulated free form deformation (DMFFD). *Diffeomorphism: a differentiable map with differentiable inverse. In general, these maps are generated by integrating a time-dependent velocity field. ANTS Applications: * Gray matter morphometry based on the jacobian and/or cortical thickness. * Group and single-subject optimal templates. * Multivariate DT + T1 brain templates and group studies. * Longitudinal brain mapping -- special similarity metric options. * Neonatal and pediatric brain segmentation. * Pediatric brain mapping. * T1 brain mapping guided by tractography and connectivity. * Diffusion tensor registration based on scalar or connectivity data. * Brain mapping in the presence of lesions. * Lung and pulmonary tree registration. * User-guided hippocampus labeling, also of sub-fields. * Group studies and statistical analysis of cortical thickness, white matter volume, diffusion tensor-derived metrics such as fractional anisotropy and mean diffusion.
Proper citation: ANTS - Advanced Normalization ToolS (RRID:SCR_004757) Copy
Non-profit research institution that studies marine and non-marine organisms to learn about the basic biology of life. Our scientists make critical discoveries about how organisms adapt to their environment and how environment, health, and genetics are related. They study a wide range of organisms such as sharks, skates, and sea urchins to learn about development and regeneration. They investigate the root causes of diseases like cystic fibrosis, and they examine the mechanisms that make living creatures age. Research at MDIBL takes place within three centers: the Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, the Martha and Wistar Morris Center for Environmental Health Sciences, and the John W. and Jean C. Boylan Center for Cellular and Molecular Physiology. Scientists at each center include both permanent MDIBL faculty and adjunct faculty who come to MDIBL for a few weeks or an entire season, often year after year. Short courses, symposia, and fellowships provide research experience and training to students and scientists at all levels, from high school and college through medical school and senior investigators. Our education programs are always hands-on and engage students in meaningful research. MDIBL is the lead institution for the Maine IDeA Network for Biomedical Researcha research and education network linking MDIBL with The Jackson Laboratory and ten Maine colleges and universities.
Proper citation: Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory (RRID:SCR_004873) Copy
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