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http://www.livinghuman.org/

Distributed repository of anatomo-functional data and of simulation algorithms, fully integrated into a seamless simulation environment and directly accessible. This infrastructure will be used to create the physiome of the human musculo-skeletal system.

Proper citation: LHP LHDL (RRID:SCR_005928) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/tetraodon/

The initial objective of Genoscope was to compare the genomic sequences of this fish to that of humans to help in the annotation of human genes and to estimate their number. This strategy is based on the common genetic heritage of the vertebrates: from one species of vertebrate to another, even for those as far apart as a fish and a mammal, the same genes are present for the most part. In the case of the compact genome of Tetraodon, this common complement of genes is contained in a genome eight times smaller than that of humans. Although the length of the exons is similar in these two species, the size of the introns and the intergenic sequences is greatly reduced in this fish. Furthermore, these regions, in contrast to the exons, have diverged completely since the separation of the lineages leading to humans and Tetraodon. The Exofish method, developed at Genoscope, exploits this contrast such that the conserved regions which can be identified by comparing genomic sequences of the two species, correspond only to coding regions. Using preliminary sequencing results of the genome of Tetraodon in the year 2000, Genoscope evaluated the number of human genes at about 30,000, whereas much higher estimations were current. The progress of the annotation of the human genome has since supported the Genoscope hypothesis, with values as low as 22,000 genes and a consensus of around 25,000 genes. The sequencing of the Tetraodon genome at a depth of about 8X, carried out as a collaboration between Genoscope and the Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research (now the Broad Institute), was finished in 2002, with the production of an assembly covering 90 of the euchromatic region of the genome of the fish. This has permitted the application of Exofish at a larger scale in comparisons with the genome of humans, but also with those of the two other vertebrates sequenced at the time (Takifugu, a fish closely related to Tetraodon, and the mouse). The conserved regions detected in this way have been integrated into the annotation procedure, along with other resources (cDNA sequences from Tetraodon and ab initio predictions). Of the 28,000 genes annotated, some families were examined in detail: selenoproteins, and Type 1 cytokines and their receptors. The comparison of the proteome of Tetraodon with those of mammals has revealed some interesting differences, such as a major diversification of some hormone systems and of the collagen molecules in the fish. A search for transposable elements in the genomic sequences of Tetraodon has also revealed a high diversity (75 types), which contrasts with their scarcity; the small size of the Tetraodon genome is due to the low abundance of these elements, of which some appear to still be active. Another factor in the compactness of the Tetraodon genome, which has been confirmed by annotation, is the reduction in intron size, which approaches a lower limit of 50-60 bp, and which preferentially affects certain genes. The availability of the sequences from the genomes of humans and mice on one hand, and Takifugu and Tetraodon on the other, provide new opportunities for the study of vertebrate evolution. We have shown that the level of neutral evolution is higher in fish than in mammals. The protein sequences of fish also diverge more quickly than those of mammals. A key mechanism in evolution is gene duplication, which we have studied by taking advantage of the anchoring of the majority of the sequences from the assembly on the chromosomes. The result of this study speaks strongly in favor of a whole genome duplication event, very early in the line of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygians). An even stronger evidence came from synteny studies between the genomes of humans and Tetraodon. Using a high-resolution synteny map, we have reconstituted the genome of the vertebrate which predates this duplication - that is, the last common ancestor to all bony vertebrates (most of the vertebrates apart from cartilaginous fish and agnaths like lamprey). This ancestral karyotype contains 12 chromosomes, and the 21 Tetraodon chromosomes derive from it by the whole genome duplication and a surprisingly small number of interchromosomal rearrangements. On the contrary, exchanges between chromosomes have been much more frequent in the lineage that leads to humans. Sponsors: The project was supported by the Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique and the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Proper citation: Tetraodon Genome Browser (RRID:SCR_007079) Copy   

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http://www.broadinstitute.org/

Biomedical and genomic research center located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. Nonprofit research organization under the name Broad Institute Inc., and is partners with Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Harvard University, and the five Harvard teaching hospitals. Dedicated to advance understanding of biology and treatment of human disease to improve human health.

Proper citation: Broad Institute (RRID:SCR_007073) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.chr7.org

Database containing the DNA sequence and annotation of the entire human chromosome 7, encompassing nearly 158 million nucleotides of DNA and 1917 gene structures, are presented; the most up to date collation of sequence, gene, and other annotations from all databases (eg. Celera published, NCBI, Ensembl, RIKEN, UCSC) as well as unpublished data. To generate a higher order description, additional structural features such as imprinted genes, fragile sites, and segmental duplications were integrated at the level of the DNA sequence with medical genetic data, including 440 chromosome rearrangement breakpoints associated with disease. The objective of this project is to generate a comprehensive description of human chromosome 7 to facilitate biological discovery, disease gene research and medical genetic applications. There are over 360 disease-associated genes or loci on chromosome 7. A major challenge ahead will be to represent chromosome alterations, variants, and polymorphisms and their related phenotypes (or lack thereof), in an accessible way. In addition to being a primary data source, this site serves as a weighing station for testing community ideas and information to produce highly curated data to be submitted to other databases such as NCBI, Ensembl, and UCSC. Therefore, any useful data submitted will be curated and shown in this database. All Chromosome 7 genomic clones (cosmids, BACs, YACs) listed in GBrowser and in other data tables are freely distributed.

Proper citation: Chromosome 7 Annotation Project (RRID:SCR_007134) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.visionnetwork.nei.nih.gov/

The National Eye Institute (NEI) created the VISION Public Information Network for the purpose of communicating with public information officers at NEI grantee institutions. The Network''s primary mission is to work with the NEI in disseminating research results to the national and local media. The Network also works to inform the public of the mission of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to improve the health of America through medical research. The NEI is part of the NIH, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). General information portal for eye and vision related resources for the public. Sponsors: This resource is supported by the National Eye Institute.

Proper citation: Vision Public Information Network (RRID:SCR_007340) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://nsr.bioeng.washington.edu/

Database of physiological, pharmacological, and pathological information on humans and other organisms and integration through computational modeling. Models include everything from diagrammatic schema, suggesting relationships among elements composing a system, to fully quantitative, computational models describing the behavior of physiological systems and an organism''s response to environmental change. Each mathematical model is an internally self-consistent summary of available information, and thereby defines a working hypothesis about how a system operates. Predictions from such models are subject to test, with new results leading to new models.BR /> A Tool developed for the NSR Physiome project is JSim, an open source, free software. JSim is a Java-based simulation system for building quantitative numeric models and analyzing them with respect to experimental reference data. JSim''s primary focus is in physiology and biomedicine, however its computational engine is quite general and applicable to a wide range of scientific domains. JSim models may intermix ODEs, PDEs, implicit equations, integrals, summations, discrete events and procedural code as appropriate. JSim''s model compiler can automatically insert conversion factors for compatible physical units as well as detect and reject unit unbalanced equations. JSim also imports the SBML and CellML model archival formats. All JSim models are open source. Goals of the Physiome Project: - To develop and database observations of physiological phenomenon and interpret these in terms of mechanism (a fundamentally reductionist goal). - To integrate experimental information into quantitative descriptions of the functioning of humans and other organisms (modern integrative biology glued together via modeling). - To disseminate experimental data and integrative models for teaching and research. - To foster collaboration amongst investigators worldwide, to speed up the discovery of how biological systems work. - To determine the most effective targets (molecules or systems) for therapy, either pharmaceutic or genomic. - To provide information for the design of tissue-engineered, biocompatible implants.

Proper citation: NSR Physiome Project (RRID:SCR_007379) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://www.mc.vanderbilt.edu/victr/dcc/projects/acc/index.php/Main_Page

A national consortium formed to develop, disseminate, and apply approaches to research that combine DNA biorepositories with electronic medical record (EMR) systems for large-scale, high-throughput genetic research. The consortium is composed of seven member sites exploring the ability and feasibility of using EMR systems to investigate gene-disease relationships. Themes of bioinformatics, genomic medicine, privacy and community engagement are of particular relevance to eMERGE. The consortium uses data from the EMR clinical systems that represent actual health care events and focuses on ethical issues such as privacy, confidentiality, and interactions with the broader community.

Proper citation: eMERGE Network: electronic Medical Records and Genomics (RRID:SCR_007428) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.aneurist.org/

Project focused on cerebral aneurysms and provides integrated decision support system to assess risk of aneurysm rupture in patients and to optimize their treatments. IT infrastructure has been developeded for management and processing of vast amount of heterogeneous data acquired during diagnosis.

Proper citation: aneurIST (RRID:SCR_007427) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://human.brain-map.org/static/brainexplorer

Multi modal atlas of human brain that integrates anatomic and genomic information, coupled with suite of visualization and mining tools to create open public resource for brain researchers and other scientists. Data include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), histology and gene expression data derived from both microarray and in situ hybridization (ISH) approaches. Brain Explorer 2 is desktop software application for viewing human brain anatomy and gene expression data in 3D.

Proper citation: Allen Human Brain Atlas (RRID:SCR_007416) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://enhancer.lbl.gov/

Resource for experimentally validated human and mouse noncoding fragments with gene enhancer activity as assessed in transgenic mice. Most of these noncoding elements were selected for testing based on their extreme conservation in other vertebrates or epigenomic evidence (ChIP-Seq) of putative enhancer marks. Central public database of experimentally validated human and mouse noncoding fragments with gene enhancer activity as assessed in transgenic mice. Users can retrieve elements near single genes of interest, search for enhancers that target reporter gene expression to particular tissue, or download entire collections of enhancers with defined tissue specificity or conservation depth.

Proper citation: VISTA Enhancer Browser (RRID:SCR_007973) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://vega.sanger.ac.uk/

Central repository for high quality frequently updated manual annotation of vertebrate finished genome sequence. Human, mouse and zebrafish are in the process of being completely annotated, whereas for other species the annotation is only of specific genomic regions of particular biological interest. The majority of the annotation is from the HAVANA group at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute. Users can BLAST, search for specific text, export, and download data. Genomes and details of the projects for each species are available through the homepages for human mouse and zebrafish. The website is built upon code from the EnsEMBL (http://www.ensembl.org) project. Some Ensembl features are not available in Vega. From the users point of view perhaps the most significant of these is MartView. However due to their inclusion in Ensembl, Vega human and mouse data can be queried using Ensembl MartView. Vega contains annotation of the human MHC region in eight haplotypes, and the LRC region in three haplotypes. Vega also contains annotation on the Insulin Dependent Diabetes (IDD) regions on non-reference assemblies for mouse.

Proper citation: VEGA (RRID:SCR_007907) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://brainandsociety.org/the-brain-observatory

Formerly a topical portal studying the brain which collected and imaged 1000 human brains, the Brain Observatory has partnered with the Institute for Brain and Society to build virtual laboratories that will feed directly into the database of images and knowledge created in the context of the Human Brain Library. The Brain Observatory will also host exhibits, conferences, and events aimed at promoting a heightened awareness of brain research and how its results can benefit personal brain fitness and mental health.

Proper citation: Brain Observatory (RRID:SCR_010641) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://bcb.cs.tufts.edu/dflat/

We are an interdisciplinary team dedicated to annotating gene function related to human fetal development. We are contributing new functional annotation to the Gene Ontology, curating and mining gene sets suitable for the interpretation of developmental genomic data, and creating the computational tools needed to apply genomics for better understanding the molecular mechanisms of human development. Our GO annotation is in the process of being incorporated into the GOA public release. The GONE (Gene Ontology Non-Eligible) database is where we store annotations relevant to our research but that don''t quite meet GOA''s standards. Usually an annotation falls into this category because either the gene/protein described is a family of genes/proteins rather than a specific one, there is no UniProt ID to identify the gene/protein in the system, a GO term does not yet exist to describe the particular function, process, or location of the gene/protein, the species is not clearly identifiable in the paper, or the evidence is not as reliable (GO evidence codes TAS and NAS). As individual annotations these are more suspect than current GO annotation. However, for functional analysis of expression data, these gene sets can be valuable even with a certain amount of noise. We also include here a link to the supplementary data from our forthcoming PSB 2011 paper on gene set mining.

Proper citation: DFLAT (RRID:SCR_010738) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/

Software for aligning sequencing reads against large reference genome. Consists of three algorithms: BWA-backtrack, BWA-SW and BWA-MEM. First for sequence reads up to 100bp, and other two for longer sequences ranged from 70bp to 1Mbp.

Proper citation: BWA (RRID:SCR_010910) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.alzforum.org/

A community building portal dedicated to understanding Alzheimer's disease and related disorders, it reports on the latest scientific findings from basic research to clinical trials, creates and maintains public databases of essential research data and reagents, and produces discussion forums to promote debate, speed the dissemination of new ideas, and break down barriers across disciplines.

Proper citation: Alzheimer's Research Forum (RRID:SCR_006416) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.callisto-science.org/NSI/Neuroscience_Image_Database/Images%20of%20the%20Human%20Nervous%20System%20-%20Disease%20&%20Injury.html

A collection of images of the human nervous system focusing on disease and injury.

Proper citation: Human Nervous System Disease and Injury (RRID:SCR_006370) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.adaa.org/

The Anxiety Disorders Association of America (ADAA) is a national nonprofit organization dedicated to the prevention, treatment, and cure of anxiety disorders and to improving the lives of all people who suffer from them. It is the leader in education, training, and research for anxiety and stress-related disorders. ADAA leads the way, improving the lives of millions of people: * Promotes professional and public awareness of anxiety and related disorders and their impact on people''s lives. * Encourages the advancement of scientific knowledge about causes and treatment of anxiety and related disorders. * Links people who need treatment with the health care professionals who provide it. * Helps people find appropriate treatment and develop self-help skills. * Works to reduce the stigma surrounding anxiety and related disorders. ADAA was founded in 1980 as the Phobia Society of America by a diverse group of clinicians and patients. The term anxiety disorder had not yet been coined. Most anxiety disorders were simply called phobias. That changed as researchers discovered links between panic attacks and abnormal blood flow in the brain, learned that anxiety disorders are associated with pervasive social and health consequences, and discovered and tested various therapies and medications to treat anxiety disorders. ADAA adopted its new name in 1990 to reflect the changing and growing field. Over the years ADAA has launched several national educational campaigns to promote awareness about anxiety disorders and encourage people to seek treatment. ADAA has also funded more than $1.5 million in anxiety disorder research. Today ADAA continues to be the voice for those affected by anxiety and anxiety-related disorders. The organization is frequently cited by the media and also provides information and treatment referrals to tens of thousands each year by phone, e-mail, and through this website.

Proper citation: Anxiety Disorders Association of America (RRID:SCR_006578) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.commondataelements.ninds.nih.gov

The purpose of the NINDS Common Data Elements (CDEs) Project is to standardize the collection of investigational data in order to facilitate comparison of results across studies and more effectively aggregate information into significant metadata results. The goal of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) CDE Project specifically is to develop data standards for clinical research within the neurological community. Central to this Project is the creation of common definitions and data sets so that information (data) is consistently captured and recorded across studies. To harmonize data collected from clinical studies, the NINDS Office of Clinical Research is spearheading the effort to develop CDEs in neuroscience. This Web site outlines these data standards and provides accompanying tools to help investigators and research teams collect and record standardized clinical data. The Institute still encourages creativity and uniqueness by allowing investigators to independently identify and add their own critical variables. The CDEs have been identified through review of the documentation of numerous studies funded by NINDS, review of the literature and regulatory requirements, and review of other Institute''s common data efforts. Other data standards such as those of the Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC), the Clinical Data Acquisition Standards Harmonization (CDASH) Initiative, ClinicalTrials.gov, the NINDS Genetics Repository, and the NIH Roadmap efforts have also been followed to ensure that the NINDS CDEs are comprehensive and as compatible as possible with those standards. CDEs now available: * General (CDEs that cross diseases) Updated Feb. 2011! * Congenital Muscular Dystrophy * Epilepsy (Updated Sept 2011) * Friedreich''s Ataxia * Parkinson''s Disease * Spinal Cord Injury * Stroke * Traumatic Brain Injury CDEs in development: * Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Public review Sept 15 through Nov 15) * Frontotemporal Dementia * Headache * Huntington''s Disease * Multiple Sclerosis * Neuromuscular Diseases ** Adult and pediatric working groups are being finalized and these groups will focus on: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy, Myasthenia Gravis, Myotonic Dystrophy, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy The following tools are available through this portal: * CDE Catalog - includes the universe of all CDEs. Users are able to search the full universe to isolate a subset of the CDEs (e.g., all stroke-specific CDEs, all pediatric epilepsy CDEs, etc.) and download details about those CDEs. * CRF Library - (a.k.a., Library of Case Report Form Modules and Guidelines) contains all the CRF Modules that have been created through the NINDS CDE Project as well as various guideline documents. Users are able to search the library to find CRF Modules and Guidelines of interest. * Form Builder - enables users to start the process of assembling a CRF or form by allowing them to choose the CDEs they would like to include on the form. This tool is intended to assist data managers and database developers to create data dictionaries for their study forms.

Proper citation: NINDS Common Data Elements (RRID:SCR_006577) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/genome/assembly/grc/

Consortium that puts sequences into a chromosome context and provides the best possible reference assembly for human, mouse, and zebrafish via FTP. Tools to facilitate the curation of genome assemblies based on the sequence overlaps of long, high quality sequences.

Proper citation: Genome Reference Consortium (RRID:SCR_006553) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://www.iedb.org/

Repository contains antibody/B cell and T cell epitope information and epitope prediction and analysis tools. Immune epitopes are defined as molecular structures recognized by specific antigen receptors of the immune system, namely antibodies, B cell receptors, and T cell receptors. Immune epitopes from infectious diseases, excluding HIV, and immune-mediated diseases and the accompanying biological information are included.

Proper citation: Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) (RRID:SCR_006604) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry