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http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/tetraodon/

The initial objective of Genoscope was to compare the genomic sequences of this fish to that of humans to help in the annotation of human genes and to estimate their number. This strategy is based on the common genetic heritage of the vertebrates: from one species of vertebrate to another, even for those as far apart as a fish and a mammal, the same genes are present for the most part. In the case of the compact genome of Tetraodon, this common complement of genes is contained in a genome eight times smaller than that of humans. Although the length of the exons is similar in these two species, the size of the introns and the intergenic sequences is greatly reduced in this fish. Furthermore, these regions, in contrast to the exons, have diverged completely since the separation of the lineages leading to humans and Tetraodon. The Exofish method, developed at Genoscope, exploits this contrast such that the conserved regions which can be identified by comparing genomic sequences of the two species, correspond only to coding regions. Using preliminary sequencing results of the genome of Tetraodon in the year 2000, Genoscope evaluated the number of human genes at about 30,000, whereas much higher estimations were current. The progress of the annotation of the human genome has since supported the Genoscope hypothesis, with values as low as 22,000 genes and a consensus of around 25,000 genes. The sequencing of the Tetraodon genome at a depth of about 8X, carried out as a collaboration between Genoscope and the Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research (now the Broad Institute), was finished in 2002, with the production of an assembly covering 90 of the euchromatic region of the genome of the fish. This has permitted the application of Exofish at a larger scale in comparisons with the genome of humans, but also with those of the two other vertebrates sequenced at the time (Takifugu, a fish closely related to Tetraodon, and the mouse). The conserved regions detected in this way have been integrated into the annotation procedure, along with other resources (cDNA sequences from Tetraodon and ab initio predictions). Of the 28,000 genes annotated, some families were examined in detail: selenoproteins, and Type 1 cytokines and their receptors. The comparison of the proteome of Tetraodon with those of mammals has revealed some interesting differences, such as a major diversification of some hormone systems and of the collagen molecules in the fish. A search for transposable elements in the genomic sequences of Tetraodon has also revealed a high diversity (75 types), which contrasts with their scarcity; the small size of the Tetraodon genome is due to the low abundance of these elements, of which some appear to still be active. Another factor in the compactness of the Tetraodon genome, which has been confirmed by annotation, is the reduction in intron size, which approaches a lower limit of 50-60 bp, and which preferentially affects certain genes. The availability of the sequences from the genomes of humans and mice on one hand, and Takifugu and Tetraodon on the other, provide new opportunities for the study of vertebrate evolution. We have shown that the level of neutral evolution is higher in fish than in mammals. The protein sequences of fish also diverge more quickly than those of mammals. A key mechanism in evolution is gene duplication, which we have studied by taking advantage of the anchoring of the majority of the sequences from the assembly on the chromosomes. The result of this study speaks strongly in favor of a whole genome duplication event, very early in the line of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygians). An even stronger evidence came from synteny studies between the genomes of humans and Tetraodon. Using a high-resolution synteny map, we have reconstituted the genome of the vertebrate which predates this duplication - that is, the last common ancestor to all bony vertebrates (most of the vertebrates apart from cartilaginous fish and agnaths like lamprey). This ancestral karyotype contains 12 chromosomes, and the 21 Tetraodon chromosomes derive from it by the whole genome duplication and a surprisingly small number of interchromosomal rearrangements. On the contrary, exchanges between chromosomes have been much more frequent in the lineage that leads to humans. Sponsors: The project was supported by the Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique and the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Proper citation: Tetraodon Genome Browser (RRID:SCR_007079) Copy   

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http://www.regardsstudy.org/

The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), is a national study focusing on learning more about the factors that increase a person''s risk of having a stroke. REGARDS is an observational study of risk factors for stroke in adults 45 years or older. 30,239 participants were recruited between January 2003 and October 2007. They completed a telephone interview followed by an in-home physical exam. Measurements included traditional risk factors such as blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and an echocardiogram of the heart. At six month intervals, participants are contacted by phone to ask about stroke symptoms, hospitalizations and general health status. The study is ongoing and will follow participants for many years. The purpose of the REGARDS project is to understand why people in some parts of the country develop more strokes than people in other parts of the country, and why blacks develop more strokes than whites. We hope to learn how to reduce the number of people having strokes.

Proper citation: REGARDS - REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (RRID:SCR_007228) Copy   

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http://ncmir.ucsd.edu/downloads/combine_rts2000.shtm

Software program that performs the auto-alignment and the composition of images to create the mosaic.

Proper citation: Combine RTS2000 (RRID:SCR_007104) Copy   

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http://www.bmdw.org

Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide (BMDW) is the continuing effort to collect the HLA phenotypes of volunteer stem cell donors and cord blood units, and is responsible for the co-ordination of their worldwide distribution. Participants are 63 stem cell donor registries from 44 countries, and 43 cord blood banks from 25 countries. The current number of donors and cord blood units in the BMDW database is: 14,605,618 (14,178,976 donors and 426,642 CBU''s The original goal to collect the HLA phenotypes of volunteer stem cell donors and cord blood units, and to co-ordinate their world-wide distribution remain their primary goals. But new initiatives have been added: - To maximise the chance of finding a stem cell donor or cord blood unit by providing access to all stem cell donors and cord blood units available in the world. - To minimise the effort required for stem cell donor or cord blood unit searches: only registries with potential stem cell donors or cord blood units need to be contacted. - To provide an estimate of the chance of finding a stem cell donor or cord blood unit for a given patient. - To provide advanced search programs to identify partially matched stem cell donors or cord blood units. - To facilitate search advice requests via the Internet. - To facilitate improvements in family search strategies. - To provide relevant general information for the benefit of the patient. - To provide statistics on the increase of different registries, the number of DNA typed donors, etc. Sponsors: Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide is an initiative of the Immunobiology Working Party of the European Group of Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT) in 1988. Keyworss: Bone marrow, Donor, Cell, Phenotype, Stem cell, Cord blood unit,

Proper citation: Bone Marrow Donors Worldwide (RRID:SCR_007186) Copy   

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http://www.cpan.org

Welcome to CPAN, where you you will find All Things Perl. CPAN is the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network, a large collection of Perl software and documentation. You can begin exploring from either http://www.cpan.org/, http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ or any of the mirrors listed at http://www.cpan.org/SITES.html. Note that CPAN is also the name of a Perl module, CPAN.pm, which is used to download and install Perl software from the CPAN archive. This FAQ covers only a little about the CPAN module and you may find the documentation for it by using perldoc CPAN via the command line or on the web at http://search.cpan.org/dist/CPAN/lib/CPAN.pm. Sponsors: CPAN works with the generosity and cooperation of hundreds of developers, over 100 participating mirrors, funet.fi donating the network bandwidth, storage space and computing power, volunteers who help keep everything together and users whose interest in Perl keep the archive alive and growing. Keywords: Comprehension, Perl, Archive, Software, Documentation,

Proper citation: Comprehensive Perl Archive Network (RRID:SCR_007253) Copy   

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http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/emboss/cpgplot/indexhtml

This portal allows for the detection of regions of genomic sequences that are rich in the CpG pattern is important because such regions are resistant to methylation and tend to be associated with genes which are frequently switched on. Regions rich in the CpG pattern are known as CpG islands. The function of the program cpgplot is to plot CpG rich areas, and cpgreport to report all CpG rich regions. The nuclear genomes of vertebrates are mosaics of isochores, very long stretches of DNA that are homogeneous in base composition and are compositionally correlated with the coding sequences that they embed. Isochores can be partitioned in a small number of families that cover a range of GC levels. Program isochore plots GC content over a sequence. Sponsors: This resource is supported by European Bioinformatics Institute. Keywords: Software, Plotting, Pattern, CpG, Gene, Function, Isochore, DNA, Genome, Homogeneous, Coding, Sequence, Family, Sequencing,

Proper citation: EMBOSS CpGPlot/CpGReport/Isochore (RRID:SCR_007254) Copy   

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http://cardiogenomica.altervista.org/CARDIOGENOMICS/CardioGenomics%20Homepage.htm

The primary goal of the CardioGenomics PGA is to begin to link genes to structure, function, dysfunction and structural abnormalities of the cardiovascular system caused by clinically relevant genetic and environmental stimuli. The principal biological theme to be pursued is how the transcriptional network of the cardiovascular system responds to genetic and environmental stresses to maintain normal function and structure, and how this network is altered in disease. This PGA will generate a high quality, comprehensive data set for the functional genomics of structural and functional adaptation of the cardiovascular system by integrating expression data from animal models and human tissue samples, mutation screening of candidate genes in patients, and DNA polymorphisms in a well characterized general population. Such a data set will serve as a benchmark for future basic, clinical, and pharmacogenomic studies. Training and education are also a key focus of the CardioGenomics PGA. In addition to ongoing journal clubs and seminars, the PGA will be sponsoring symposia at major conferences, and developing workshops related to the areas of focus of this PGA. Information regarding upcoming events can be found in the Events section of this site, and information about training and education opportunities sponsored by CardioGenomics can be found on the Teaching and Education page. The CardioGenomics project came to a close in 2005. This server, cardiogenomics.med.harvard.edu, remains online in order to continue to distribute data that was generated by investigators under the auspices of the CardioGenomics Program for Genomic Applications (PGA). :Sponsors: This resource is supported by The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) of the NIH., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

Proper citation: CardioGenomics (RRID:SCR_007248) Copy   

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http://www.genes2cognition.org/

A neuroscience research program that studies genes, the brain and behavior in an integrated manner, established to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of learning and memory, and shed light on the pathogenesis of disorders of cognition. Central to G2C investigations is the NMDA receptor complex (NRC/MASC), that is found at the synapses in the central nervous system which constitute the functional connections between neurons. Changes in the receptor and associated components are thought to be in a large part responsible for the phenomenon of synaptic plasticity, that may underlie learning and memory. G2C is addressing the function of synapse proteins using large scale approaches combining genomics, proteomics and genetic methods with electrophysiological and behavioral studies. This is incorporated with computational models of the organization of molecular networks at the synapse. These combined approaches provide a powerful and unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms of disease genes in behavior and brain pathology as well as provide fundamental insights into the complexity of the human brain. Additionally, Genes to Cognition makes available its biological resources, including gene-targeting vectors, ES cell lines, antibodies, and transgenic mice, generated for its phenotyping pipeline. The resources are freely-available to interested researchers.

Proper citation: Genes to Cognition: Neuroscience Research Programme (RRID:SCR_007121) Copy   

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http://www.asf.alaska.edu/

Satellite facility that downlinks, processes, archives, and distributes remote-sensing data to scientific users around the world. Three major components: * Satellite Tracking Ground Station: Part of NASA?s Near Earth Network system of ground stations around the world. * Synthetic Aperture Radar Distributed Active Archive Center (SAR DAAC): ASF maintains the NASA archive of SAR data from a variety of satellites and aircraft, and provides these data and associated specialty support services to U.S. Government-approved researchers in support of NASA?s Earth Science Data and Information System project. * ASF Enterprise Center (ASFE): In support of UAF?s mission to be a student-centered research university, the ASF-E focuses on applications of remote-sensing data, specifically for UAF research. The ASF-E includes the GeoData Center (GDC), which provides data management and archive services for UAF principal investigators and maintains a variety of geophysical data collections in support of scientific research.

Proper citation: Alaska Satellite Facility (RRID:SCR_003610) Copy   

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http://www.egappreviews.org/

Initiative to develop a systematic, evidence-based process for evaluating genetic tests and other applications of genomic technology that are rapidly moving from research to use in clinical practice. A key objective of this process is to provide objective, timely, and credible information that is clearly linked to the scientific evidence on specific applications of genetic and genomic tests. The primary focus of EGAPP activities is an independent, nonfederal expert panel, the EGAPP Working Group. Other components of the EGAPP initiative include a federal interagency, the CDC staff and consultants, and an EGAPP initiative evaluation team.

Proper citation: EGAPP (RRID:SCR_004189) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.forebrain.org

Portal on the evolution of the Human Forebrain with schematically depicted sequential age levels of cortical evolution: Staggered Dual Parameter Grid, Growth Rings of the Neocortex, Growth Shells of Thalamus, Major Nuclei of the Thalamus, Dual Parameter - Grid, Types of Neocortical Lamination, and Rolf Hasslers Hexa-Partition of Unit Thalamic Inputs. The cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of both the thalamus and the neocortex are topographically defined in terms of the variables of phylogenetic age and input specificity. The cortical and thalamic parcellations of Brodmann, von Economo and Hassler are each quantitatively correlated to a specific Cartesian coordinate value designating discrete levels for both age and input basic parameters. The variable of phylogenetic age is represented in the cortex by the five circumferential growth rings demonstrated by Sanides, plus an additional growth ring detected intermediate to the fifth and sixth age levels and designated as prekoniocortex. The paleocortex and the archaecortex are the two primordial neocortical precursors that form the mammalian neocortex. In contrast to the arrangement in the planar cortex, six phylogenetically distinct growth shells are detected in the three-dimensional thalamus and are designated after the corresponding schematic levels of Rolf Hassler''s paradigm of hexapartition of unit-thalamic inputs. The subthalamus and the epithalamus analogously represent the primordial diencephalic precursors of the mammalian dorsal thalamus, Both the neocortex and the dorsal thalamus evolved in response to the necessity for a more comprehensive blending of inputs from differing neuraxial levels. Unlike the age variable, the parameter of input specificity is most readily apparent in the dorsal thalamus; which is the site of termination for each major forebrain input. Accordingly, the fourteen individual units of the parameter of input specificity are designated after each of the specific input classifications projecting discretely to circumscribed thalamic sectors, An identical complement of input parameter levels also occurs in the cortex by way of thalamic relay across the internal capsule. Furthermore, each thalamic nucleus of specific parameter coordinates directs its main projection to cells of the cortex displaying identical coordinate values, establishing forebrain interconnectivity as an additional function of the dual parameter paradigm.

Proper citation: EVOLUTIONARY FOUNDATIONS FOR THE HUMAN FOREBRAIN (RRID:SCR_004199) Copy   

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http://danstem.ku.dk/

Center consisting of 9 research groups who all address basic questions in stem cell and developmental biology with the overall aim of developing new stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for diabetes and cancer. DanStem comprises two sections: * The Novo Nordisk Foundation Section for Basic Stem Cell Biology (BasicStem) * The Section for Strategic Translational Stem Cell Research and Therapy (TransStem) DanStem was established as a result of a series of international recruitments coupled with internationally recognized research groups focused on insulin producing beta cells and cancer research already located at the University of Copenhagen. They all have well-established, international collaborations and actively participate in several international scientific consortia. DanStem is also active in training undergraduates, PhD students and postdocs.

Proper citation: DanStem (RRID:SCR_004021) Copy   

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http://datacatalog.med.nyu.edu/

A searchable data catalog that facilitates researchers'' access to large datasets available either publicly or through institutional or individual licensing. Dataset records include information about the content of the dataset, how to access the dataset, and local experts within NYULMC and NYU to assist in the use of these datasets. The data catalog will expand to include internally generated datasets from NYULMC and NYU in the near future. Use the contact form if you are interested in submitting a dataset to the data catalog.

Proper citation: NYU Data Catalog (RRID:SCR_004012) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://brainarchitecture.org/

Evolving portal that will provide interactive tools and resources to allow researchers, clinicians, and students to discover, analyze, and visualize what is known about the brain's organization, and what the evidence is for that knowledge. This project has a current experimental focus: creating the first brainwide mesoscopic connectivity diagram in the mouse. Related efforts for the human brain currently focus on literature mining and an Online Brain Atlas Reconciliation Tool. The primary goal of the Brain Architecture Project is to assemble available knowledge about the structure of the nervous system, with an ultimate emphasis on the human CNS. Such information is currently scattered in research articles, textbooks, electronic databases and datasets, and even as samples on laboratory shelves. Pooling the knowledge across these heterogeneous materials - even simply getting to know what we know - is a complex challenge that requires an interdisciplinary approach and the contributions and support of the greater community. Their approach can be divided into 4 major thrusts: * Literature Curation and Text Mining * Computational Analysis * Resource Development * Experimental Efforts

Proper citation: Brain Architecture Project (RRID:SCR_004283) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.uniprot.org/keywords/

UniProtKB entries are tagged with keywords that can be used to retrieve particular subsets of entries. There are 10 categories of keywords: Biological process Cellular component Coding sequence diversity Developmental stage Disease Domain Ligand Molecular function Post-translation modification Technical term You may browse by hierarchy, search in Keywords, or list all keywords. By default, searching the keywords will look for matches in both name and definition.

Proper citation: UniProtKB Keywords (RRID:SCR_004313) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.mged.org/index.html

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE.Documented on July 7, 2022. Functional Genomics Data Society - FGED Society, founded in 1999 as the MGED Society, advocates for open access to genomic data sets and works towards providing concrete solutions to achieve this. Our goal is to assure that investment in functional genomics data generates the maximum public benefit. Our work on defining minimum information specifications for reporting data in functional genomics papers have already enabled large data sets to be used and reused to their greater potential in biological and medical research. We work with other organizations to develop standards for biological research data quality, annotation and exchange. We facilitate the creation and use of software tools that build on these standards and allow researchers to annotate and share their data easily. We promote scientific discovery that is driven by genome wide and other biological research data integration and meta-analysis.

Proper citation: Functional Genomics Data Society (RRID:SCR_004358) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.jtcancercenter.org/

Throughout the past 25 years, John Theurer Cancer Center at Hackensack University Medical Center has become one of the largest and most comprehensive cancer centers in the United States. Today, we are a top 50 U.S. News and World Report Best Hospitals for cancer the only cancer center in New Jersey with this prestigious designation. Its mission is to deliver extraordinary care that is multidisciplinary, personalized, innovative, and at the appropriate cost with superior outcomes to the most satisfied patients. Year after year, we have harnessed the newest technologies and retained world-class physicians, nurses and scientists to help service the needs of our patients within our 14 specialized cancer divisions.

Proper citation: John Theurer Cancer Center (RRID:SCR_004359) Copy   

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http://www.cancerdiagnosis.nci.nih.gov/

National program to improve the diagnosis and assessment of cancer by moving scientific knowledge into clinical practice by coordinating and funding resources and research for the development of innovative in vitro diagnostics, novel diagnostic technologies and appropriate human specimens. The Cancer Diagnosis Program is divided into four branches: Biorepository and Biospecimen Research Branch (BBRB), Diagnostic Biomarkers and Technology Branch (DBTB), Diagnostics Evaluation Branch (DEB), and the Pathology Investigation and Resources Branch (PIRB).

Proper citation: CDP (RRID:SCR_004236) Copy   

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http://proteome.gs.washington.edu/software/bibliospec/documentation/index.html

BiblioSpec enables the identification of peptides from tandem mass spectra by searching against a database of previously identified spectra. This suite of software tools is for creating and searching MS/MS peptide spectrum libraries. BiblioSpec is available free of charge for noncommercial use through an interactive web-site at http://depts.washington.edu/ventures/UW_Technology/Express_Licenses/bibliospec.php The BiblioSpec package contains the following programs: * BlibBuild creates a library of peptide MS/MS spectra from MS2 files. * BlibFilter removes redundant spectra from a library. * BlibSearch searches a spectrum library for matches to query spectra, reporting the results in an SQT file. In addition to the primary programs, the following auxiliary programs are available: * BlibStats writes summary statistics describing a library. * BlibToMS2 writes a library in MS2 file format. * BlibUpdate adds, deletes, or annotates spectra. * BlibPpMS2 processes spectra (bins peaks, removes noise, normalizes intensity) as done in BlibSearch and prints the resulting spectra to a text file. Several reference libraries are available for download. These libraries are updated regularly and are for use under the Linux operating system. You will find libraries for * Escherichia coli * Saccharomyces cerevisiae * Caenorhabditis elegans

Proper citation: BiblioSpec (RRID:SCR_004349) Copy   

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http://www.uniprot.org/locations/

The subcellular locations in which a protein is found are described in UniProtKB entries with a controlled vocabulary, which includes also membrane topology and orientation terms. You may search in subcellular locations or list them all along with their definitions (490). By default, searching the subcellular locations will look for matches in both name and definition.

Proper citation: UniProtKB Subcellular Locations (RRID:SCR_004373) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry