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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented August 23, 2016. The brain is made of billions of neurons, which together form the world''s most powerful information-processing machine. Despite decades of research, the fundamental principle by which these cells work together is still unknown. Many theories for brain function have been proposed over the last century. But only in the last few years has it become possible to record simultaneously from large enough numbers of neurons to put these theories to the test experimentally. This is an unprecedented opportunity, but it opens up a new question: how do we go from the gigabytes of experimental data that we now have, to concise conclusions about the function of the brain? The data processing methods traditionally used in neuroscience are not sophisticated enough to exploit this new flood of information. Fortunately, modern statistics and machine learning theory is making great strides in precisely the type of techniques needed to process these large multivariate databases. By applying these methods to neuronal data, we can now test long-standing hypotheses about brain function. The Cell Assembly The main focus of our research is an experimental search for cell assemblies. Before describing what a cell assembly is, it will be useful to describe what it is not. The brain is often thought of as a feed-forward system. In this scheme, sensory information is processed by successive levels of cortical analyzers, each of which transforms the results of previous levels, until sensory information is in a suitable form to guide the animals behavior. In support of this idea, the pattern of connections in the cortex does appear to respect a hierarchical organization, with the output of low-level areas corresponding to a single sensory modality being integrated into high-level multi-modal areas. Responses in higher-level sensory areas appear to have more complex responses to sensory stimuli, in agreement with increased abstraction as the hierarchy is traversed. However, there are several levels at which this feed-forward picture is incomplete. At the circuit diagram level, there more connections projecting across and down the hierarchy, than there are feed-forward projections. What''s more, if information were processed in a strictly feed-forward manner, one would expect a neuron to respond identically to repeated presentations of the same sensory stimulus. Although this is a fairly good approximation in primary sensory areas of cortex, in high-level structures responses are often more variable than expected from strict sensory control. Finally, although feed-forward processing can describe how an animal could perform simple stimulus-response behaviors, it cannot explain more complex top-down behaviors such as memory or thought. An alternative point of view, put forward over 50 years ago by Canadian psychologist Donald Hebb, holds that recurrent and feedback connections play an essential role in brain function. The principal actor in this view is the cell assembly, an anatomically distributed subset of neurons, amongst which mutually excitatory connections have been strengthened by repeated co-activation, allowing the assembly to later maintain its activity through reverberation without direct sensory stimulation. This theory allows for sensory-response behavior, and also behavior resulting purely from internally generated cognitive activity, by the sequential activation of a series of assemblies, leading in turn to the production of motion. In our research, we search for signatures of assembly activity in simultaneous recordings from multiple neurons, and aim to characterize the properties of assembly activity in ways not possible from theory alone. Software for Automatic Clustering KlustaKwik is a program developed in the lab for automatic cluster analysis, specifically designed to run fast on large data sets. In order facilitate open-source development, it is now located at klustakwik.sourceforge.net. This study was supported by NIH grants MH073245 and DC009947; NSF grant SBE-0542013 to the Temporal Dynamics of Learning Center, an NSF Science of Learning Center; a National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, NIH, grant DC-005787-01A1; and a Spanish grant FIS 2006-09294. K.D.H. is an Alfred P. Sloan fellow. We would like to dedicate this work to the memory of D. J. Amit.
Proper citation: Rutgers University Quantitative Neuroscience Laboratory (RRID:SCR_008541) Copy
http://www.brl.ntt.co.jp/cs/human/index.html
This site provides information about the NTT Human and Information Science Laboratory. Technologies that enable users to get along well with information and technologies that can handle information properly on computers and networks are the keys to secure and high-quality information distribution services in a network society. In realizing those technologies, a comprehensive understanding of how human beings, the creators and the recipients of information, process information and novel principles for handling information are indispensable. From this viewpoint, the NTT Human and Information Science Laboratory has been pursuing scientific research in two areas: Sensory and Emotion Research, and Sensory and Motor Research. Sponsors: This resource is supported by NTT Communication Science Laboratories.
Proper citation: Human and Information Science Laboratory (RRID:SCR_008329) Copy
http://www.usc.edu/schools/medicine/departments/psychiatry_behavioralsciences/research/gsc/
The USC Geriatric Studies Center includes the State of California Alzheimer's Research Center of California and the National Institute of Aging funded clinical program of the USC Alzheimer's Disease Research Center. It is staffed by USC faculty and physicians with expertise in Alzheimer's disease and age related memory loss. The Center provides evaluation, diagnosis and treatment recommendations, referral to caregiver services and support groups, and the opportunity to participate in clinical drug trials for memory problems.
Proper citation: USC Geriatric Studies Center/Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (RRID:SCR_008725) Copy
Center for the study of non-human primates. Its mission is the study and use of non-human primates as models for studies of social and biological interactions and for the discovery of methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases that afflict humans. Through the stewardship of three unique facilities—Cayo Santiago Field Station, Sabana Seca Field Station, and the Laboratory of Primate Morphology supports a diverse range of research programs that enhance understanding of primate biology and behavior, with direct applications in biomedical and translational research.
Proper citation: Caribbean Primate Research Center (RRID:SCR_008345) Copy
The Lausanne Genomics Technologies Facility (GTF) is a genomic technologies core laboratory serving the Lausanne and Lemanic region research community. It is housed in and administered by the Center for Integrative Genomics. The GTF offers a range of microarrays services, including : providing access to the instrumentation and the consumables that are required for the use of the pre-printed oligonucleotide microarrays available from Affymetrix and Illumina as well as miRNA gene microarrays from Agilent Technologies providing access to and supporting applications using the Illumina Genome Analyzer 2 ultra high throughput DNA sequencing platform providing access to the instrumentation and the consumables that are required for performing quantitative real-time PCR analyses using the Applied Biosystems 7900HT Sequence Detection System. providing bioinformatics support and consultation services at the stages of experimental design, data collection and storage, image analysis and data analysis acting as a center of experience, expertise and training in microarray and quantitative PCR technologies and methodologies. Laboratory space and computer workstations are available to users wanting to perform the experiments and/or analyses in the facility. The GTF also acts as an information clearing house for the user community by providing a forum for the sharing of methods, protocols and experience generated by the GTF and community scientists using microarray and quantitative PCR technology investigating and implementing, when appropriate, microarray-based methods for applications other than gene expression monitoring (e.g. SNP detection) participating in the evaluation of new RNA expression profiling and nucleic hybridization detection technologies as they develop and incorporate the appropriate technologies into the services offered by the facility
Proper citation: Lausanne Genomic Technologies Facility (RRID:SCR_008468) Copy
http://www.xiphophorus.txstate.edu/
Supplier of xiphophorus (platyfish or swordtails) from pedigreed parental lines, representing variety of species. In addition to supplying strains and providing consultation on husbandry and genetic questions, the XGSC produces custom interspecies hybrids (both first generation F1, and backcross hybrid generation BC1) for a variety of projects.
Proper citation: Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center (RRID:SCR_008340) Copy
http://tigger.uic.edu/~cjeffery/
The moonlighting protein database is not yet available publicly. Stay tuned. Moonlighting proteins have multiple, seemingly unrelated functions not due to gene fusions or alternative splicing. Like PGI, which is a cytosolic enzyme and an extracellular cytokine, dozens of other proteins have been found to moonlight. Connie coined the term moonlighting proteins and has written several review articles that develop the idea of moonlighting proteins and describe additional moonlighting proteins from the literature, how they switch between functions, how they might have evolved, and how they might benefit the cell. She is currently writing two additional invited articles and planning computational studies of the sequences and structures of known moonlighting proteins.
Proper citation: MoonProt (RRID:SCR_008803) Copy
http://www.nitrc.org/projects/dfbidb/
A suite of tools for efficient management of neuroimaging project data. Specifically, DFBIdb was designed to allow users to quickly perform routine management tasks of sorting, archiving, exploring, exporting and organising raw data. DFBIdb was implemented as a collection of Python scripts that maintain a project-based, centralised database that is based on the XCEDE 2 data model. Project data is imported from a filesystem hierarchy of raw files, which is an often-used convention of imaging devices, using a single script that catalogues meta-data into a modified XCEDE 2 data model. During the import process data are reversibly anonymised, archived and compressed. The import script was designed to support multiple file formats and features an extensible framework that can be adapted to novel file formats. Graphical user interfaces are provided for data exploration. DFBIdb includes facilities to export, convert and organise customisable subsets of project data according to user-specified criteria.
Proper citation: DFBIdb (RRID:SCR_009456) Copy
http://crezoo.crt-dresden.de/crezoo/
Database of helpful set of CreERT2 driver lines expressing in various regions of the developing and adult zebrafish. The lines have been generated via the insertion of a mCherry-T2A-CreERT2 in a gene trap approach or by using promoter fragments driving CreERT2. You can search the list of all transgenic lines or single entries by insertions (gene) or expression patterns (anatomy/region). In most cases the CreERT2 expression profile using in situ hybridization at 24 hpf and 48 hpf is shown, but also additional information (e.g. mCherry or CreERT2 expression at adult stages, transactivation of a Cre-dependent reporter line) is displayed. Currently, not all insertions have been mapped to a genomic location but the database will be regularly updated adding newly generated insertions and mapping information. Your help in improving and broadening the database by giving your opinion or knowledge of expression patterns is highly appreciated.
Proper citation: CreZoo (RRID:SCR_008919) Copy
http://www.nitrc.org/projects/fips/
A FSL package for the comprehensive management of large-scale multi-site fMRI projects, including data storage, retrieval, calibration, analysis, multi-modal integration, and quality control.
Proper citation: FBIRN Image Processing Scripts (RRID:SCR_009471) Copy
http://mayoresearch.mayo.edu/mayo/research/udall_center/
A research program associated with bringing together researchers from various disciplines to study the genetic and molecular basis of Parkinson's disease. The program focuses on epidemiological and longitudinal studies of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and aging and dementia. It also provides clinical materials for other research projects. This program provides faculty research funds, invited speaker seminar series, sponsorship of movement disorder fellowships, pilot research grants, and support for faculty travel to promote intra-institutional collaborations.
Proper citation: Udall Center of Excellence in Parkinson's Disease Research (RRID:SCR_008778) Copy
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on December 5, 2022. Endoscopic Reporting Software, aggregated and individual research data and tailor-made services aimed to advance the overall practice of endoscopy. It was developed to study outcomes of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures in real life settings, using data obtained from the CORI Endoscopic Reporting Software or from other endoscopic reporting software. Practice sites include hospitals, ambulatory care centers, private practices, universities, and Veteran''''s hospitals (VA''''s). The CORI v4 Endoscopic Reporting Software is a specialty Electronic Health Record used to document endoscopic procedures and provide reporting services to your practice. Data from participating providers is also sent to a central data repository to become part of the National Endoscopic Database (NED), which now contains data from over 2.7 million GI procedures. The CORI v4 Endoscopic Reporting Software offers significant benefits for participating practices, providers and patients, as well as for everyone who benefits from CORI''''s research efforts. You may actively participate in research with CORI. If you have ideas for research using the NED, their research team can help you evaluate those ideas, collect and analyze the data. In addition, you may choose to participate in one of the prospective research projects conducted by CORI research staff.
Proper citation: Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative (RRID:SCR_009010) Copy
http://www.muschealth.com/multimedia/Podcasts/index.aspx?type=main
The MUSChealth.com Podcast Library, featuring podcasts on a variety of topics related to your health and our services here at MUSC. These medical podcasts are hosted by MUSC faculty, physicians and special guests and are produced and directed by Linda Austin, M.D. Current topics include: * Academics and Education * Aging, Geriatrics and Caregiving * Alcohol and Drug Dependency * Allergies and Asthma * Ashley River Tower * Bones, Joints, Muscles and Spine * Cancer * Children''s Health * Cosmetic Surgery * Dental * Dermatology/Skin Problems * Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism * Digestive Health * ENT: Ear, Nose and Throat * Executive Health * Eye Health * General Health and Wellness * Heart and Vascular Health * Hospice * Kohl''s Take a Minute for Kids * Lungs and Breathing * Men''s Health * Mental Health * MUSC News and Events * Neurological Health * Organ Transplant * Osteoporosis * Pregnancy - Week by Week * Pregnancy and Childbirth * Radiology * Research and Clinical Trials * SC Health, Leadership and Policy * Sports Medicine * Stroke * Urology * Weight Loss Surgery Follow-up * Weight Management * Women''s Health
Proper citation: MUSC Health Podcast Library (RRID:SCR_008827) Copy
The PRABI is the Rhone-Alpes Bioinformatics Center, a IBISA platform member of the RENABI (the French network of bioinformatic platforms). It gathers 11 research teams spread on 4 different sites. The PRABI has research, service and training activities in a large number of bioinformatics and biostatistics fields.
Proper citation: PRABI (RRID:SCR_010522) Copy
http://tide.dfci.harvard.edu/login/
Web platform for large-scale public data reuse to model immunotherapy response and resistance. Provides integrated large-scale omics data and biomarkers on published ICB trials, non-immunotherapy tumor profiles, and CRISPR screens.
Proper citation: TIDE (RRID:SCR_026350) Copy
https://www.polebio.lrsv.ups-tlse.fr/WallProtDB/
Database resource for plant cell wall proteomics. Aims at collecting cell wall proteomic experimental data. For each experiment, a scheme summarizing the strategy used for protein isolation and identification is provided.
Proper citation: WallProtDB (RRID:SCR_026506) Copy
https://www.plasticsurgeryhome.in
Website serves as digital resource for plastic surgery professionals. Educational and resource platform dedicated to plastic surgeons, trainees, and researchers. Provides access to curated content, including links to major plastic surgery societies, journal repositories, clinical resources, and upcoming events. Serves as comprehensive hub for continuous professional development and collaboration in the field of plastic surgery.
Proper citation: Plastic Surgery Home (RRID:SCR_026487) Copy
https://www.iana.org/time-zones
Database contains code and data that represent the history of local time for many representative locations around the globe. It is updated periodically to reflect changes made by political bodies to time zone boundaries, UTC offsets, and daylight-saving rules.
Proper citation: Time Zone Database (RRID:SCR_026492) Copy
https://endomap.hms.harvard.edu/
Structural interactome viewer. Interactive database of endosomal protein-protein interactions identified by cross-linking mass spectrometry and modeled by AlphaFold multimer. Structural protein interactome of human early endosomes.
Proper citation: EndoMap (RRID:SCR_026690) Copy
Database that attempts to consolidate information on known clinical and selected set of pre-clinical biomarkers into single resource. Database includes five major types of biomarkers (condition specific, protein, chemical, karyotypic and genetic) and six biomarker categories (diagnostic, risk, prognostic, safety, monitoring, and response). Provides information such as: biomarker names and synonyms, associated conditions or pathologies, detailed disease descriptions, detailed biomarker descriptions, biomarker specificity, sensitivity and ROC curves, standard reference values (for protein and chemical markers), variants (for SNP or genetic markers), sequence information (for genetic and protein markers), molecular 2D and 3D structures (for protein and chemical markers), tissue or biofluid sources (for protein and chemical markers), chromosomal location and structure (for genetic and karyotype markers), clinical approval status and relevant literature references. Users can browse the data by conditions, condition categories, biomarker types, biomarker categories or search by sequence similarity through the advanced search function.
Proper citation: MarkerDB (RRID:SCR_026817) Copy
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