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http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Human_Physiology
Human Physiology is a featured book on Wikibooks because it contains substantial content, it is well-formatted, and the Wikibooks community has decided to feature it on the main page or in other places. Please continue to improve it and thanks for the great work so far! A printable and PDF version are available. You can edit its advertisement template. Contents: 1. Homeostasis 2. Cell Physiology 3. Integumentary System 4. The Nervous System 5. Senses 6. The Muscular System 7. Blood Physiology 8. The Cardiovascular System 9. The Immune System 10. The Urinary System 11. The Respiratory System 12. The Gastrointestinal System 13. Nutrition 14. The Endocrine System 15. The Male Reproductive System 16. The Female Reproductive System 17. Pregnancy and Birth 18. Genetics and Inheritance 19. Development: Birth through Death 20. Appendix 1: Answers to Review Questions 21. Authors 22. Further Reading
Proper citation: Human Physiology (RRID:SCR_003525) Copy
An international consortium to develop and assess novel approaches to identify and characterize biological markers for colon cancer that will deepen the understanding of the variable make-up of tumors and how this affects the way patients respond to treatment. They will use cutting edge laboratory-based genome sequencing techniques coupled to novel computer modelling approaches to study both the biological heterogeneity of colon cancers (i.e. patient to patient variability) as well as tumor variation within the patient for example, by comparing primary tumors with metastases. This five year project brings together top scientists from European academic institutions offering a wide range of expertise, and partners them with pharmaceutical companies. The project is based on the premise that this genetic and epigenetic information, combined with a description of the molecular pathology of the tumor, will allow OncoTrack to generate a more accurate in-silico model of the cancer cell. This will facilitate the identification of predictive markers that can be used to guide the optimal therapy strategy at the level of the individual patient - and will also provide on-going prognostic guidance for the clinician. This project will not only advance understanding of the fundamental biology of colon cancers but will provide the means and approach for the identification of previously undetected biomarkers not only in the cancer under study, but potentially also in other solid cancers and, in doing so, open the door for personalized management of the oncology patient.
Proper citation: OncoTrack (RRID:SCR_003767) Copy
Consortium to accelerate the search for new, more effective combinations of treatments to tackle Tuberculosis and address pre-clinical research barriers to the discovery and development of new TB drug combinations. To overcome the challenges in Tuberculosis drug development they will create tools to accelerate PK-PD (Pharmacokinetic / Pharmacodynamic) analysis that are connected to clinical outcomes. By addressing the gaps in preclinical information, the consortium aims to provide a framework and tools to facilitate the transition of the best combinations of drugs to late phase development. They aim to develop an integrated set of laboratory-based models that will provide much-needed data to indicate the most appropriate doses and combinations of drugs for patients. In addition, the project will generate a comprehensive database of patient data from previous and on-going clinical trials for use as a reference for evaluating the performance of combination anti-TB drug regimens in these newly developed laboratory models. Ultimately, they aim to enable researchers to be able to use the information generated by the novel models to design better clinical trials involving TB patients. The aims of the consortium: * To systematically evaluate two successive panels of representative anti-tuberculosis drugs (licensed and novel) using a suite of standard, novel and enhanced preclinical model systems, with respect to performance in clinical trials * To refine the set of preclinical systems on the basis of these results in order to identify and define the currently optimal critical path in discovery and pre-clinical development for tuberculosis. * To develop an integrated PK-PD / Disease modelling and simulation framework for tuberculosis which will facilitate prediction of optimal combinations and design of clinical studies.
Proper citation: Predict-TB (RRID:SCR_003766) Copy
http://code.google.com/p/pharmgkb-owl/
An OWL representation of the data in PharmGKB, Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD) and DrugBank and linked to related ontologies: ChEBI ontology, the Human Disease Ontology (DO), the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System (ATC) and the Medical Subject Headings Thesaurus (MESH). The combined knowledge base can be exploited using the ELK reasoner.
Proper citation: PharmGKB Ontology (RRID:SCR_003529) Copy
Videos and podcasts presenting the latest innovative research being conducted by the Stein Institute for Research on Aging medical faculty, with the aim of promoting healthy aging. Additionally, many of the public lectures from the Public Lecture Series are also available on UCSD-TV's website video on demand programming. The Lecture series allows affiliated faculty members of the Stein Institute for Research on Aging and other scientists from the UCSD School of Medicine, as well as individuals from surrounding academic and research institutions, to present the latest findings in their respective fields of expertise and share their present work with the general community. All of these lectures focus on topics related to healthy aging or age-related diseases.
Proper citation: Stein Institute for Research on Aging Video Archive (RRID:SCR_003761) Copy
Research informatics and analytics platform for the IMI OncoTrack consortium.
Proper citation: eTRIKS (RRID:SCR_003765) Copy
http://www.psidev.info/index.php?q=node/257
Markup language for encoding raw spectrometer output. From 2005-2008 there has existed two separate XML formats for encoding raw spectrometer output: mzData developed by the PSI and mzXML developed at the Seattle Proteome Center at the Institute for Systems Biology. It was recognized that the existence of two separate formats for essentially the same thing generated confusion and required extra programming effort. Therefore the PSI, with full participation by ISB, has developed a new format by taking the best aspects of each of the precursor formats to form a single one. It is intended to replace the previous two formats. This new format was originally given a working name of dataXML. The final name is mzML.
Proper citation: mzML (RRID:SCR_003763) Copy
A not-for-profit organization that initiates and manages drug development consortia that involve the pharmaceutical industry, academia, and the Dutch Government. The aim of all their consortia is to conduct pre-competitive research while strengthening the Netherlands' international reputation for drug development. The consortia are focused on addressing therapeutic areas that are listed as priority areas by the World Health Organization including: autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and diseases of the brain. The consortia are also focused on enabling: therapeutic target discovery, validation, and animal models; lead selection and in-silico modeling; predictive drug disposition and toxicology; biomarkers and biosensors; drug formulation, delivery, and targeting; and, production technologies. TI Pharma consortia aim to improve the efficiency of the drug-development process, with a focus on advancing regulatory science. In addition to research, TI Pharma also has objectives to train and educate scientists in the Netherlands on the drug discovery and development processes, as well as on entrepreneurship. Participants include: all Dutch universities and academic medical centers, more than 30 industrial partners, small-to-medium sized companies, and representatives from the Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board (Netherlands regulatory body for drugs).
Proper citation: TI Pharma (RRID:SCR_003758) Copy
Portal dedicated to the development and application of the latest advances in biomedical and behavioral science knowledge to issues of successful, healthy aging and the prevention and reduction of the burden of disability and disease in late life. Additionally, they provide numerous grants to junior faculty, as well as education programs for doctors and researchers through monthly Grand Rounds. From studying memory to identifying genes with important roles in aging, Stein Institute scientists are continuously pushing the boundaries of knowledge. One of their most promising ongoing projects is the Successful AGing Evaluation (SAGE) Study. SAGE is the only large-scale study on successful aging that considers the impact of positive psychological traits, such as resilience and wisdom, in addition to biological factors, providing a much more complete picture of older adults. Their monthly public lectures presented by renowned physicians and scientists are broadcast on UCSD-TV and have been viewed more than one billion times. This year they partnered with the Clinical and Translational Research Institute and the Osher Lifelong Learning Institute to organize Making Sense of Science, a course for older adults interested in science and health. In addition, They distribute a free monthly newsletter and work extensively with the community, participating in numerous events and conferences.
Proper citation: Stein Institute for Research on Aging (RRID:SCR_003759) Copy
Commercial organism provider selling mice, rats and other model animals. American corporation specializing in a variety of pre-clinical and clinical laboratory services for the pharmaceutical, medical device and biotechnology industries. It also supplies assorted biomedical products and research and development outsourcing services for use in the pharmaceutical industry. (Wikipedia)
Proper citation: Charles River Laboratories (RRID:SCR_003792) Copy
http://neuroscienceblueprint.nih.gov/
Collaborative framework that includes the NIH Office of the Director and the 14 NIH Institutes and Centers that support research on the nervous system. By pooling resources and expertise, the Blueprint identifies cross-cutting areas of research, and confronts challenges too large for any single Institute or Center. The Blueprint makes collaboration a day-to-day part of how the NIH does business in neuroscience, complementing the basic missions of Blueprint partners. During each fiscal year, the partners contribute a small percentage of their funds to a common pool. Since the Blueprint's inception in 2004, this pool has comprised less than 1 percent of the total neuroscience research budget of the partners. In 2009, the Blueprint Grand Challenges were launched to catalyze research with the potential to transform our basic understanding of the brain and our approaches to treating brain disorders. * The Human Connectome Project is an effort to map the connections within the healthy brain. It is expected to help answer questions about how genes influence brain connectivity, and how this in turn relates to mood, personality and behavior. The investigators will collect brain imaging data, plus genetic and behavioral data from 1,200 adults. They are working to optimize brain imaging techniques to see the brain's wiring in unprecedented detail. * The Grand Challenge on Pain supports research to understand the changes in the nervous system that cause acute, temporary pain to become chronic. The initiative is supporting multi-investigator projects to partner researchers in the pain field with researchers in the neuroplasticity field. * The Blueprint Neurotherapeutics Network is helping small labs develop new drugs for nervous system disorders. The Network provides research funding, plus access to millions of dollars worth of services and expertise to assist in every step of the drug development process, from laboratory studies to preparation for clinical trials. Project teams across the U.S. have received funding to pursue drugs for conditions from vision loss to neurodegenerative disease to depression. Since its inception in 2004, the Blueprint has supported the development of new resources, tools and opportunities for neuroscientists. For example, the Blueprint supports several training programs to help students pursue interdisciplinary areas of neuroscience, and to bring students from underrepresented groups into the neurosciences. The Blueprint also funds efforts to develop new approaches to teaching neuroscience through K-12 instruction, museum exhibits and web-based platforms. From fiscal years 2007 to 2009, the Blueprint focused on three major themes of neuroscience - neurodegeneration, neurodevelopment, and neuroplasticity. These efforts enabled unique funding opportunities and training programs, and helped establish new resources including the Blueprint Non-Human Primate Brain Atlas.
Proper citation: NIH Blueprint for Neuroscience Research (RRID:SCR_003670) Copy
http://www.wikisurgery.com/index.php?title=Main_Page
THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE, documented on July 16, 2013. A free surgical encyclopedia for surgeons and their patients. Contributions in the form of new articles and editing can be made by anyone at anytime anywhere in the world. With over 33,000 articles for surgeons and patients, including news, articles, operation scripts, biographies and images. The website is a "wiki" which allows for the collaborative editing and building of content. Contributions in the form of new articles and editing can be made by those who register on the site, confirm their email address and whose application is accepted by an administrator. Wikisurgery is more than just a depot of surgical knowledge, not just articles about facts but also articles about controversy, debates, with none of the usual editorial limits on space. Indeed we hope it will become a record of surgical thought, experience and progression. Key Topics: Operation Scripts, Basic Surgical Skills Training Program, Basic Laparoscopic Training Program, Operative Images, Patient Information; there is also a Featured Videos section.
Proper citation: WikiSurgery - The Free Surgical Encyclopedia (RRID:SCR_003556) Copy
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MSTDE-FRE
Metathesaurus Version of Minimal Standard Terminology Digestive Endoscopy, French Translation, 2001
Proper citation: Minimal Standard Terminology of Digestive Endoscopy - French (RRID:SCR_003830) Copy
http://c-path.org/programs/pkd/
Consortium to develop evidence supporting the use of imaging Total Kidney Volume (TKV) as a prognostic biomarker that predicts the progression of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) to select patients likely to respond to therapy into clinical trials. It aims to replace the currently used measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Scientists will use the data collected to develop a disease progression model that will evaluate the relationship between TKV and the known complications of ADPKD, including rate of loss of kidney function, hypertension, gross hematuria, kidney stones, urinary tract infections, development of end-stage renal disease, and mortality. These analyses will be used to support the regulatory qualification of TKV as an accepted measure for assessing the progression of ADPKD in clinical trials in which new therapies are tested. PKDOC has the following goals: # Develop standard clinical data elements and definitions that are specific to ADPKD # Create a database of aggregated data from existing multiple, longitudinal, and well-characterized research registries maintained over decades by the leading institutions in ADPKD clinical investigation # Advance and harmonize the missions of regulatory agencies by creating tools that help with the evaluation of new pharmaceutical compounds # Develop a quantitative disease progression model to examine the linkage between TKV and disease outcomes
Proper citation: Polycystic Kidney Disease Outcomes Consortium (RRID:SCR_003674) Copy
http://www.antilope-project.eu/
Consortium focused on making electronic health data more interoperable, both within and outside of Europe, with the intention to create, validate, and disseminate standard methods to test and certify electronic health solutions and services. In particular it will: Drive the adoption of recognized sets of profiles and underlying standards for eHealth interoperability, and improve the impact of the EU and International eHealth standards development process; Define and validate testing guidelines and common approaches on Interoperability Labelling and Certification processes at European and at National / Regional level. Four work packages were created to provide guidelines, recommendations and frameworks based on a set of use cases, related profiles and standards, Interoperability Quality Management System, testing guidelines and Certification process. All the deliverables will be presented for validation and promotion by organizing workshops across Europe.
Proper citation: Antilope Project (RRID:SCR_003829) Copy
A collaborative network among university-led drug discovery centers and programs to allow scientists to exchange technical expertise on drug discovery and development strategies as well as form partnerships with each other, biopharma companies, and drug discovery-focused contract service organizations and consultants. The website will also serve as a repository for drug discovery events, educational material, job postings, and partnership opportunities. Through active member participation this website will become a valuable tool for every scientist working in the drug discovery arena. In addition, involvement of members will enable them to effectively advocate to the NIH and other funding agencies to increase the awareness of the growing number of academic drug discovery scientists and their success as well as their needs.
Proper citation: Academic Drug Discovery Consortium (RRID:SCR_003706) Copy
http://www.europeanlung.org/en/projects-and-research/projects/airprom/
Consortium focused on developing computer and physical models of the airway system for patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Developing accurate models will better predict how asthma and COPD develop, since current methods can only assess the severity of disease. They aim to bridge the gaps in clinical management of airways-based disease by providing reliable models that predict disease progression and the response to treatment for each person with asthma or COPD. A data management platform provides a secure and sustainable infrastructure that semantically integrates the clinical, physiological, genetic, and experimental data produced with existing biomedical knowledge from allied consortia and public databases. This resource will be available for analysis and modeling, and will facilitate sharing, collaboration and publication within AirPROM and with the broader community. Currently the AirPROM knowledge portal is only accessible by AirPROM partners.
Proper citation: AirPROM (RRID:SCR_003827) Copy
http://www.agedbrainsysbio.eu/
Consortium focused on identifying the foundational pathways responsible for the aging of the brain, with a focus on Late Onset Alzheimer's disease. They aim to identify the interactions through which the aging phenotype develops in normal and in disease conditions; modeling novel pathways and their evolutionary properties to design experiments that identify druggable targets. As early steps of neurodegenerative disorders are expected to impact synapse function the project will focus in particular on pre- or postsynaptic protein networks. The concept is to identify subsets of pathways with two unique druggable hallmarks, the validation of interactions occurring locally in subregions of neurons and a human and/or primate accelerated evolutionary signature. The consortium will do this through six approaches: * identification of interacting protein networks from recent Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease-Genome Wide Association Studies (LOAD-GWAS) data, * experimental validation of interconnected networks working in subregion of a neuron (such as dendrites and dendritic spines), * inclusion of these experimentally validated networks in larger networks obtained from available databases to extend possible protein interactions, * identification of human and/or primate positive selection either in coding or in regulatory gene sequences, * manipulation of these human and/or primate accelerated evolutionary interacting proteins in human neurons derived from induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) * modeling predictions in drosophila and novel mouse transgenic models * validation of new druggable targets and markers as a proof-of-concept towards the prevention and cure of aging cognitive defects. The scientists will share results and know-how on Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease-Genome Wide Association Studies (LOAD-GWAS) gene discovery, comparative functional genomics in mouse and drosophila models, in mouse transgenic approaches, research on human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and their differentiation in vitro and modeling pathways with emphasis on comparative and evolutionary aspects. The four European small to medium size enterprises (SMEs) involved will bring their complementary expertise and will ensure translation of project results to clinical application.
Proper citation: AgedBrainSYSBIO (RRID:SCR_003825) Copy
http://graphml.graphdrawing.org/
A file format for graphs that consists of a language core to describe the structural properties of a graph and a flexible extension mechanism to add application-specific data. It is based on XML and is ideally suited as a common denominator for all kinds of services generating, archiving, or processing graphs. Its main features include support of * directed, undirected, and mixed graphs, * hypergraphs, * hierarchical graphs, * graphical representations, * references to external data, * application-specific attribute data, and * light-weight parsers.
Proper citation: GraphML (RRID:SCR_003545) Copy
A consortium of leading biobanks and international researchers from all domains of biobanking science to ensure the development of harmonized measures and standardized computing infrastructures enabling the effective pooling of data and key measures of life-style, social circumstances and environment, as well as critical sub-components of the phenotypes associated with common complex diseases. The overall aim is to build upon tools and methods available to achieve solutions for researchers to use pooled data from different cohort and biobank studies. This, in order to obtain the very large sample sizes needed to investigate current questions in multifactorial diseases, notably on gene-environment interactions. This aim will be achieved through the development of harmonization and standardization tools, implementation of these tools and demonstration of their applicability. BioSHaRE researchers are collaborating with P3G, the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health, IRDiRC (International Rare Diseases Research Consortium), H3Africa and other organizations on the development of an International Code of Conduct for Genomic and Health-Related Data Sharing. A draft version is available for external review. Generic documents have been prepared covering areas of biobanking that are of major importance. SOPs have been finalized for blood withdrawal (SOPWP5001blood withdrawal), manual blood processing (SOPWP5002blood processing), shipping of biosamples (SOPWP5003shipping) and withdrawal, processing and storage of urine samples (SOPWP5004urine).
Proper citation: BioSHaRE (RRID:SCR_003811) Copy
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