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Consortium of 50 research groups across the UK to harness the power of newly-available genotyping technologies to improve our understanding of the aetiological basis of several major causes of global disease. The consortium has gathered genotype data for up to 500,000 sites of genome sequence variation (single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs) in samples ascertained for the disease phenotypes. Analysis of the genome-wide association data generated has lead to the identification of many SNPs and genes showing evidence of association with disease susceptibility, some of which will be followed up in future studies. In addition, the Consortium has gained important insights into the technical, analytical, methodological and biological aspects of genome-wide association analysis. The core of the study comprised an analysis of 2,000 samples from each of seven diseases (type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, bipolar disorder, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease). For each disease, the case samples have been ascertained from sites widely distributed across Great Britain, allowing us to obtain considerable efficiencies by comparing each of these case populations to a common set of 3,000 nationally-ascertained controls also from England, Scotland and Wales. These controls come from two sources: 1,500 are representative samples from the 1958 British Birth Cohort and 1,500 are blood donors recruited by the three national UK Blood Services. One of the questions that the WTCCC study has addressed relates to the relative merits of these alternative strategies for the generation of representative population cohorts. Genotyping for this main Case Control study was conducted by Affymetrix using the (commercial) Affymetrix 500K chip. As part of this study a total of 17,000 samples were typed for 500,000 SNPs. There are two additional components to the study. First, the WTCCC award is part-funding a study of host resistance to infectious diseases in African populations. The same approach has been used to type 2,000 cases of tuberculosis (TB) and 2,000 cases of malaria, as well as 2,000 shared controls. As well as addressing diseases of major global significance, and extending WTCCC coverage into the area of infectious disease, the inclusion of samples of African origin has obvious benefits with respect to methodological aspects of genome-wide association analysis. Second, the WTCCC has, for four additional diseases (autoimmune thyroid disease, breast cancer, ankylosing spondylitis, multiple sclerosis), completed an analysis of 15,000 SNPs designed to represent a large proportion of the known non-synonymous coding SNPs across the genome. This analysis has been performed at the WTSI using a custom Infinium chip (Illumina). Data release The genotypic data of the control samples (1958 British Birth Cohort and UK Blood Service) and from seven diseases analyzed in the main study are now available to qualified researchers. Summary genotype statistics for these collections are available directly from the website. Access to the individual-level genotype data and summary genotype statistics is by application to the Consortium Data Access Committee (CDAC) and approval subject to a Data Access Agreement. WTCCC2: A further round of GWA studies were funded in April 2008. These include 15 WTCCC-collaborative studies and 12 independent studies be supported totaling approximately 120,000 samples. Many of the studies represent major international collaborative networks that have together assembled large sample collections. WTCCC2 will perform genome-wide association studies in 13 disease conditions: Ankylosing spondylitis, Barrett's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma, glaucoma, ischaemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, pre-eclampsia, Parkinson's disease, psychosis endophenotypes, psoriasis, schizophrenia, ulcerative colitis and visceral leishmaniasis. WTCCC2 will also investigate the genetics of reading and mathematics abilities in children and the pharmacogenomics of statin response. Over 60,000 samples will be analyzed using either the Affymetrix v6.0 chip or the Illumina 660K chip. The WTCCC2 will also genotype 3,000 controls each from the 1958 British Birth cohort and the UK Blood Service control group, and the 6,000 controls will be genotyped on both the Affymetrix v6.0 and Illumina 1.2M chips. WTCCC3: The Wellcome Trust has provided support for a further round of GWA studies in January 2009. These include 5 WTCCC-collaborative studies to be carried out in WTCCC3 and 5 independent studies, across a range of diseases. Many of the studies represent major international collaborative networks that have together assembled large sample collections. WTCCC3 will perform genome-wide association studies in the following 4 disease conditions: primary biliary cirrhosis, anorexia nervosa, pre-eclampsia in UK subjects, and the interactions between donor and recipient DNA related to early and late renal transplant dysfunction. The WTCCC3 will also carry out a pilot in a study of the genetics of host control of HIV-1 infection. Over 40,000 samples will be analyzed using the Illumina 660K chip. The WTCCC3 will utilize the 6,000 control genotypes generated by the WTCCC2.
Proper citation: Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (RRID:SCR_001973) Copy
http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/america/
A compilation and assessment of epidemiologic, public health, and clinical data on diabetes and its complications in the United States. Published by the National Diabetes Data Group of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the book contains 36 chapters organized in five areas: * the descriptive epidemiology of diabetes in the United States based on national surveys and community-based studies, including prevalence, incidence, sociodemographic and metabolic characteristics, risk factors for developing diabetes, and mortality * the myriad complications that affect patients with diabetes * characteristics of therapy and medical care for diabetes * economic aspects, including health insurance and health care costs * diabetes in special populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, Asian and Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, and pregnant women. Diabetes in America, 2nd Edition, has been designed to serve as a reliable scientific resource for assessing the scope and impact of diabetes and its complications, determining health policy and priorities in diabetes, and identifying areas of need in research. The intended audience includes health policy makers at the local and Federal levels who need a sound quantitative base of knowledge to use in decision making; clinicians who need to know the probability that their patients will develop diabetes and the prognosis of the disease for complications and premature mortality; persons with diabetes and their families who need sound information on which to make decisions about their life with diabetes; and the research community which needs to identify areas where important scientific knowledge is lacking.
Proper citation: Diabetes in America (RRID:SCR_006754) Copy
http://www.cdc.gov/labstandards/diabetes_dasp.html
Program that develops materials and methods to improve measurements of autoantibodies that are predictive of type 1 diabetes. These are the most sensitive and meaningful measures for predicting this disease. Historically, autoantibody measures have been variable among laboratories; therefore, this program, in collaboration with the Immunology of Diabetes Society, was established. The goals of DASP are to improve laboratory methods, evaluate laboratory performance, support the development of sensitive and specific measurement technologies, and develop reference methods. Currently, 48 key laboratories from 19 countries participate in DASP.
Proper citation: Diabetes Autoantibody Standardization Program (RRID:SCR_006929) Copy
A comprehensive, free, and interactive platform to help individuals discover more about clinical trials that may be appropriate for them for a variety of diseases. The platform allows stakeholders within the clinical trials community (investigators, site personnel, sponsors, and disease advocates) to engage with potential enrollees and educate them about specific clinical trials. They have identified some of the most commonly used criteria for the clinical trials in each disease. Using these criteria, they developed a questionnaire for a single disease. Then, looking at just those questions, they can start to get a sense of which clinical trials might be appropriate for a particular person which is a helpful to start to narrow down the list of potentially appropriate trials. All clinical trials that are posted on www.clinicaltrials.gov for the diseases that Corengi covers will be on the website.
Proper citation: Corengi (RRID:SCR_003942) Copy
Center consisting of 9 research groups who all address basic questions in stem cell and developmental biology with the overall aim of developing new stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for diabetes and cancer. DanStem comprises two sections: * The Novo Nordisk Foundation Section for Basic Stem Cell Biology (BasicStem) * The Section for Strategic Translational Stem Cell Research and Therapy (TransStem) DanStem was established as a result of a series of international recruitments coupled with internationally recognized research groups focused on insulin producing beta cells and cancer research already located at the University of Copenhagen. They all have well-established, international collaborations and actively participate in several international scientific consortia. DanStem is also active in training undergraduates, PhD students and postdocs.
Proper citation: DanStem (RRID:SCR_004021) Copy
Center aiming to be a catalyst for regenerative medicine by facilitating collaboration, supporting research, and promoting awareness of the field. The center includes 15 scientists at five Toronto hospitals, as well as the University of Toronto, currently working to accelerate the development of more effective treatments for conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, respiratory disease and spinal cord injury. They collaborate with many other research institutions throughout North America, Europe and the Asia / Pacific region. The research is powered by a team of recent doctoral graduates recruited from around the world that are selected through a competitive process. They are a critical tool for supporting the work of McEwen Centre, allowing them to find medical breakthroughs faster.
Proper citation: McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine (RRID:SCR_004020) Copy
International consortium of six centers assembled to participate in the development and implementation of studies to identify infectious agents, dietary factors, or other environmental agents, including psychosocial factors, that trigger type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible people. The coordinating centers recruit and enroll subjects, obtaining informed consent from parents prior to or shortly after birth, genetic and other types of samples from neonates and parents, and prospectively following selected neonates throughout childhood or until development of islet autoimmunity or T1DM. The study tracks child diet, illnesses, allergies and other life experiences. A blood sample is taken from children every 3 months for 4 years. After 4 years, children will be seen every 6 months until the age of 15 years. Children are tested for 3 different autoantibodies. The study will compare the life experiences and blood and stool tests of the children who get autoantibodies and diabetes with some of those children who do not get autoantibodies or diabetes. In this way the study hopes to find the triggers of T1DM in children with higher risk genes.
Proper citation: TEDDY (RRID:SCR_000383) Copy
A federated data sharing platform and infrastructure that provides access to real-time clinical, imaging and biospecimen data across jurisdictions, institutions and diseases. The web-based platform provides a secure infrastructure that advances health research by linking privacy-protected and ethically approved data among a wide network of health collaborators. Access to de-identified health records data is granted to authorized researchers after an application process so patient privacy and intellectual property are protected. BioGrid Australia''s approved researchers are provided access to multiple institutional databases, via the BioGrid interface, preventing gaps in patient records and research analysis. This legal and ethical arrangement with participating collaborators allows BioGrid to connect data through a common platform where data governance and access is managed by a highly skilled team. Data governance, security and ethics are at the core of BioGrid''s federated data sharing platform that securely links patient level clinical, biospecimen, genetic and imaging data sets across multiple sites and diseases for the purpose of medical research. BioGrid''s infrastructure and data management strategies address the increasing need by authorized researchers to dynamically extract and analyze data from multiple sources whilst protecting patient privacy. BioGrid has the capability to link data with other datasets, produce tailored reports for auditing and reporting and provide statistical analysis tools to conduct more advanced research analysis. In the health sector, BioGrid is a trusted independent virtual real-time data repository. Government investment in BioGrid has facilitated a combination of technology, collaboration and ethics approval processes for data sharing that exist nowhere else in the world.
Proper citation: BioGrid Australia (RRID:SCR_006334) Copy
Authoritative, need-to-know information from Johns Hopkins available for mobile devices and the web. Guides provide up to date information and break down details of diagnosis, drug indications, dosing, pharmacokinetics, side effects and interactions, pathogens, management, and vaccines into frequently-updated, quick-read entries. Available for infectious disease (ABX), diabetes, and HIV.
Proper citation: Johns Hopkins Point of Care Guides (RRID:SCR_006314) Copy
http://www.autoimmunitycenters.org/
Nine centers that conduct clinical trials and basic research on new immune-based therapies for autoimmune diseases. This program enhances interactions between scientists and clinicians in order to accelerate the translation of research findings into medical applications. By promoting better coordination and communication, and enabling limited resources to be pooled, ACEs is one of NIAID''''s primary vehicles for both expanding our knowledge and improving our ability to effectively prevent and treat autoimmune diseases. This coordinated approach incorporates key recommendations of the NIH Autoimmune Diseases Research Plan and will ensure progress in identifying new and highly effective therapies for autoimmune diseases. ACEs is advancing the search for effective treatments through: * Diverse Autoimmunity Expertise Medical researchers at ACEs include rheumatologists, neurologists, gastroenterologists, and endocrinologists who are among the elite in their respective fields. * Strong Mechanistic Foundation ACEs augment each clinical trial with extensive basic studies designed to enhance understanding of the mechanisms responsible for tolerance initiation, maintenance, or loss, including the role of cytokines, regulatory T cells, and accessory cells, to name a few. * Streamlined Patient Recruitment The cooperative nature of ACEs helps scientists recruit patients from distinct geographical areas. The rigorous clinical and basic science approach of ACEs helps maintain a high level of treatment and analysis, enabling informative comparisons between patient groups.
Proper citation: Autoimmunity Centers of Excellence (RRID:SCR_006510) Copy
http://www.georgeinstitute.org/
An independent medical research institute dedicated to improving global health that conducts high impact research that targets preventable illnesses and injuries that are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, including heart and kidney disease, stroke, diabetes, mental illness, falls and traffic crashes. (Adapted from Wikipedia)
Proper citation: George Institute for Global Health (RRID:SCR_011212) Copy
Center with mission to conduct and support medical research and research training and to disseminate science-based information on diabetes and other endocrine and metabolic diseases. The NIDDK supports a wide range of medical research through grants to universities and other medical research institutions across the country.
Proper citation: NIDDK - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (RRID:SCR_012895) Copy
https://www.itntrialshare.org/
Immune tolerance data management and visualization portal for studies sponsored by Immune Tolerance Network (ITN) and collaborating investigators. Data from published studies are accessible to any user; data from current in-progress studies are accessible to study investigators and collaborators. Includes links to published Figures, tools for visualization and analysis of data, and ability to query study data by subject, group, or any other study parameter.
Proper citation: Immune Tolerance Network TrialShare (RRID:SCR_013699) Copy
Center mission is to advance medical and biological research by providing the scientific community with standardized, high quality metabolic and physiologic phenotyping services for mouse models of diabetes, diabetic complications, obesity and related disorders.
Proper citation: National Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Centers (RRID:SCR_008997) Copy
A biopharmaceutical company that focuses on central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The company is the result of a merger between Alkermes, Inc. and Elan Drug Technologies (EDT), the former drug formulation and manufacturing division of Elan Corporation, plc. The company is headquartered in Dublin, and has an R&D center in Waltham, Massachusetts and manufacturing facilities in Athlone, Ireland; Gainesville, Georgia; and Wilmington, Ohio. Alkermes has more than 20 commercial drug products and candidates that address serious and chronic diseases such as addiction, schizophrenia, diabetes and depression. Among these, five products are primary to the company: risperidone Long-Acting Injection (Risperdal Consta) for schizophrenia and bipolar 1 disorder, paliperidone palmitate (Invega Sustenna in the U.S., Xeplion in Europe) for schizophrenia, 4-aminopyridine (Ampyra in the U.S., Fampyra in Europe) to improve walking in patients with multiple sclerosis, naltrexone for extended-release injectable suspension (Vivitrol) for alcohol and opioid dependence, and exenatide extended-release for injectable suspension (Bydureon) for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Bydureon is a once-weekly, long-acting form of the drug exenatide (Byetta) and was developed through a partnership between Amylin, Alkermes and Eli Lilly. It is approved in Europe and the U.S. (Wikipedia)
Proper citation: Alkermes (RRID:SCR_010497) Copy
Large scale electron microscopy datasets. Large scale electron microscopy database for Human Type 1 Diabetes.
Proper citation: Nanotomy (RRID:SCR_018565) Copy
https://t1dexchange.org/research/biobank/
Collection of biological samples linked to participant medical data from individuals living with type 1 diabetes. Unifies samples and data from eight different clinical studies related to type 1 diabetes.
Proper citation: T1D Exchange Biobank (RRID:SCR_017195) Copy
Network of clinical centers and a data coordinating center established to conduct studies of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Proper citation: Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium (CITC) (RRID:SCR_014385) Copy
https://www.qut.edu.au/research/research-projects/landmark-biobanks
A repository of human tissue samples collected during the LANDMark study (Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropathy in Diabetes using novel ophthalmic markers). The LANDMark Biobank longitudinal dataset contains blood and tissue (skin) samples and matching detailed phenotypic data of three microvascluar complications of type 1 diabetes: neuropathy, nephropathy and retinopathy.
Proper citation: LANDMark BioBanks (RRID:SCR_014534) Copy
https://sites.google.com/ucsd.edu/drc/home
Research center across five institutions for clinical research in diabetes. Collaborators include UC San Diego's School of Medicine, Salk Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UC Los Angeles' School of Medicine, and LA Biomedical Research Center.
Proper citation: University of California San Diego - University of California Los Angeles Diabetes Research Center (RRID:SCR_015100) Copy
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