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 PMID:38769103  

Sex-specific developmental gene expression atlas unveils dimorphic gene networks in C. elegans.

Rizwanul Haque | Sonu Peedikayil Kurien | Hagar Setty | Yehuda Salzberg | Gil Stelzer | Einav Litvak | Hila Gingold | Oded Rechavi | Meital Oren-Suissa
Nature communications | 2024

Sex-specific traits and behaviors emerge during development by the acquisition of unique properties in the nervous system of each sex. However, the genetic events responsible for introducing these sex-specific features remain poorly understood. In this study, we create a comprehensive gene expression atlas of pure populations of hermaphrodites and males of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans across development. We discover numerous differentially expressed genes, including neuronal gene families like transcription factors, neuropeptides, and G protein-coupled receptors. We identify INS-39, an insulin-like peptide, as a prominent male-biased gene expressed specifically in ciliated sensory neurons. We show that INS-39 serves as an early-stage male marker, facilitating the effective isolation of males in high-throughput experiments. Through complex and sex-specific regulation, ins-39 plays pleiotropic sexually dimorphic roles in various behaviors, while also playing a shared, dimorphic role in early life stress. This study offers a comparative sexual and developmental gene expression database for C. elegans. Furthermore, it highlights conserved genes that may underlie the sexually dimorphic manifestation of different human diseases.

Pubmed ID: 38769103

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P40 OD010440
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: U41 HG002223
  • Agency: Israel Science Foundation (ISF),
    Id: 961/21
  • Agency: EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council),
    Id: ERC-2019-STG 850784

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


WormAtlas (tool)

RRID:SCR_002861

Anatomical atlas about structural anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans. Provides simple interface allowing user to easily navigate through every anatomical structure of worm. Contains set of images which can be sorted by different characteristics: sex, genotype, age, body portion or tissue type. Includes links to other major worm websites and databases. Application for viewing and downloading thousands of unpublished electron micrographs and associated data. These images have been generated by several labs in the C. elegans community, including the MRC, the Hall lab (Center for C. elegans Anatomy), and the Culotti and Riddle labs.

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WormBase (tool)

RRID:SCR_003098

Central data repository for nematode biology including complete genomic sequence, gene predictions and orthology assignments from range of related nematodes.Data concerning genetics, genomics and biology of C. elegans and related nematodes. Derived from initial ACeDB database of C. elegans genetic and sequence information, WormBase includes genomic, anatomical and functional information of C. elegans, other Caenorhabditis species and other nematodes. Maintains public FTP site where researchers can find many commonly requested files and datasets, WormBase software and prepackaged databases.

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STAR (tool)

RRID:SCR_004463

Software performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.

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NEURON (tool)

RRID:SCR_005393

NEURON is a simulation environment for modeling individual neurons and networks of neurons. It provides tools for conveniently building, managing, and using models in a way that is numerically sound and computationally efficient. It is particularly well-suited to problems that are closely linked to experimental data, especially those that involve cells with complex anatomical and biophysical properties. NEURON has benefited from judicious revision and selective enhancement, guided by feedback from the growing number of neuroscientists who have used it to incorporate empirically-based modeling into their research strategies. NEURON's computational engine employs special algorithms that achieve high efficiency by exploiting the structure of the equations that describe neuronal properties. It has functions that are tailored for conveniently controlling simulations, and presenting the results of real neurophysiological problems graphically in ways that are quickly and intuitively grasped. Instead of forcing users to reformulate their conceptual models to fit the requirements of a general purpose simulator, NEURON is designed to let them deal directly with familiar neuroscience concepts. Consequently, users can think in terms of the biophysical properties of membrane and cytoplasm, the branched architecture of neurons, and the effects of synaptic communication between cells. * helps users focus on important biological issues rather than purely computational concerns * has a convenient user interface * has a user-extendable library of biophysical mechanisms * has many enhancements for efficient network modeling * offers customizable initialization and simulation flow control * is widely used in neuroscience research by experimentalists and theoreticians * is well-documented and actively supported * is free, open source, and runs on (almost) everything

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FlowJo (tool)

RRID:SCR_008520

Software for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.

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Adobe Illustrator (tool)

RRID:SCR_010279

Vector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.

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CIS-BP (tool)

RRID:SCR_017236

Software tool as catalog of inferred sequence binding preferences. Online library of transcription factors and their DNA binding motifs.

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Biorender (tool)

RRID:SCR_018361

Web tool for graphical illustrations for biological systems by BioRender. Used for articles and presentations. Collection of pre made icons and templates from life science fields for scientific illustrations. Customized icons possible on request.

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Caenorhabditis Genetics Center (tool)

RRID:SCR_007341

Center that acquires, maintains, and distributes genetic stocks and information about stocks of the small free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for use by investigators initiating or continuing research on this genetic model organism. A searchable strain database, general information about C. elegans, and links to key Web sites of use to scientists, including WormBase, WormAtlas, and WormBook are available.

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CB4088 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00004536

Caenorhabditis elegans with name him-5 (e1490) V from WB.

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CB2337 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00004394

Caenorhabditis elegans with name him-2(e1065) I; mab-3(e1240) II. from WB.

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RB712 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00031447

Caenorhabditis elegans with name daf-18(ok480) IV. from WB.

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CB1370 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00004309

Caenorhabditis elegans with name daf-2(e1370) from WB.

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OP50 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00041969

Escherichia coli with name E. coli. from WB.

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CB4689 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00004578

Caenorhabditis elegans with name dpy-28(y1) III; him-8(e1489) IV. from WB.

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CF1038 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00004840

Caenorhabditis elegans with name daf-16(mu86)I from WB.

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N2 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00000001

Caenorhabditis elegans with name Caenorhabditis elegans wild isolate. from WB.

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CB1489 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00004346

Caenorhabditis elegans with name him-8(e1489) IV. from WB.

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HT1809 (organism)

RRID:WB-STRAIN:WBStrain00008550

Caenorhabditis elegans with name unc-119(ed3) III; wwEx84. from WB.

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